subcultural theories and crime

Question 1

miller - focal concerns ?

Answer 1

suggests working class do not accept mainstream norms and values but actually focuses on a different set of norms and values given by working class culture. He called these focal concerns.

Question 2

examples of focal concerns (miller)

Answer 2

1. fate - future is already decided and what they do won’t influence it
2. smartness - use of wit and smart remarks being cheeky is valued (outsmart others with crime)
3. toughness - the wish to prove they are hard and tough (through violent crime)

Question 3

research - miller ?

Answer 3

Simon winlow - working class males in Sunderland, some youths of Sunderland’s lowest income areas were denied the possibility of a criminal career therefore pushed towards violence