Subcellular structures and functions

Question 1

Structure of the cell wall?

Answer 1

Rigid, tough and made of cellulose

Question 2

Function of the cell wall?

Answer 2

Protects and supports the cell

Question 3

Structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

Phospholipid bilateral containing protein pores and cholesterol molecules.

Question 4

Function of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

Partially permeable membrane which controls exchange between the cell and the environment

Question 5

Structure of cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Consists of an aqueous containing the cell organelles and other inclusions. The cytosol contains a system of micro filaments and is the suitable part.

Question 6

Function of cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Stores vital chemicals and assists the movement of organelles as well as being the site of some metabolic reactions.

Question 7

Structure of nucleus?

Answer 7

Made up of the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nuclear pore.

Question 8

Function of the nucleus?

Answer 8

Holds the genetic information which dictates which proteins the cell produces

Question 9

Structure of the nuclear membrane?

Answer 9

Makes the perinuclear space continuous with the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This allows the easy transport of substances

Question 10

Function of nuclear membrane?

Answer 10

Continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and acts as a barrier to separate the contents of the nucleus with the cytoplasm.

Question 11

Structure of the nucleolus?

Answer 11

Spherical structure found in the cells nucleus

Question 12

Function of the nucleolus?

Answer 12

Produce and assemble the cells ribosomes

Question 13

Structure of chromatin?

Answer 13

A chain of nucleosomes

Question 14

Function of chromatin?

Answer 14

DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair, genetic recombination, and cell division

Question 15

Structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

Flattened membrane sacks forming an extensive membrane network, continuous with the nucleus. The membrane has ribosomes in it

Question 16

Structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum ?

Answer 16

Flattened membrane sacs usually found in small patches in the cytoplasm

Question 17

Function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

Transports newly synthesised proteins

Question 18

Function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 18

The site of lipid and steroid synthesis

Question 19

Structure of ribosomes?

Answer 19

Made of protein and RNA, and are found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes are very small organelles that have a large and small subunit

Question 20

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 20

Site of protein synthesis

Question 21

Structure of mitochondria?

Answer 21

Double membrane envelope, inner layer fold to form cristae and the inner matrix contains ribosomes and circular DNA

Question 22

Function of mitochondria?

Answer 22

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 23

Structure of vacuole?

Answer 23

Contains cell sap which regulates osmotic properties of the cell

Question 24

Function of the vacuole?

Answer 24

Contributes to the osmotic properties of the cell and also is good for storage of substances

Question 25

Structure of the chloroplast?

Answer 25

Bound by double membrane or envelope. Thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll and are the site of light dependant photosynthesis

Question 26

Function of chloroplast?

Answer 26

Site of photosynthesis which converts light energy to chemical energy

Question 27

Structure of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 27

Stacks of flattened membrane bound sacs called cisternae. They are formed from the ER at one end and the bud off to fork golgi vesicles at the other

Question 28

Function of the golgi body?

Answer 28

Produce lysosomes and collect, process and transport molecules around or out of the cell

Question 29

Structure of lysosomes?

Answer 29

Spherical sacs surrounded by a simple membrane. Contains digestive enzymes that need to be kept away from the rest of the cell

Question 30

Function of lysosomes?

Answer 30

Can release enzymes out of the cell. Also the digestion of materials, engulfed bacteria, or surplus organelles

Question 31

Structure of centriole?

Answer 31

Small hollow cylinders forming a complex network of fine fibres in the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton. This is made of microtubules and filaments.

Question 32

Function of the centriole?

Answer 32

Supports the cells shape, organises and moves organelles, as well as forming the spindle during cell division