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Global Extensions > Sub-Saharan Africa > Flashcards

Sub-Saharan Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 Ps of imperialism?

A

Profit, Political power, Piety

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2
Q

What does profit mean as 1 of the 3 Ps?

A

forcing people to work as cheap labor; finding raw materials; establishing new markets for goods

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3
Q

What does political power mean as 1 of the 3 Ps?

A

competing with other nations for control of a region

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4
Q

What does piety mean as 1 of the 3 Ps?

A

spreading religious beliefs to an “uncivilized” group; encouraging adoption of Western culture

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5
Q

What was the Berlin Conference?

A

14 European Nations met to negotiate treaties and ownership of Arfica

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6
Q

What were the advantages of Imperialism?

A

Infrastructure was created; Basic Road Systems, Railroads, Schools, Hospitals

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7
Q

What were the disadvantages of Imperialism?

A

Little political experience, favoritism caused rivalries,
border disputes developed, some African nations economically relied on European nations

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8
Q

What African countries were not colonized by European countries at the start of WWI?

A

Ethiopia & Liberia

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9
Q

When did Imperialism come to an end?

A

After WWII in the 1950s and 1960s

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10
Q

Why did Imperialism come to an end?

A

Countries were too expensive to run, natural resources were used up, African protests were “not worth the trouble”

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11
Q

When did the Nok Culture exist?

A

1200 B.C. to 400 B.C.

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12
Q

Where does most knowledge about Nok Culture come from?

A

Recovered Terracotta figures

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13
Q

What do the Terracotta figures show about the Nok culture?

A

A system of social hierarchy and governmental leadership

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14
Q

What did the Nok Culture know how to produce before any other civilization?

A

Iron tools

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15
Q

When did the Kingdom of Aksum exist?

A

100 A.D. - 900 A.D.

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16
Q

What religions settled in the Kingdom of Aksum outside of Israel and the Roman Empire?

A

Judaism & Christianity

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17
Q

What did the Kingdom of Aksum develop that was different than other civilizations in SSA and what was it called?

A

A written language called Ge’ez.

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18
Q

What cultures did the Kingdom of Aksum engage in trade with?

A

Mediterranean & Arabian

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19
Q

Where does our knowledge of the Kingdom of Aksum come from?

A

Writings of other regional civilizations and empires

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20
Q

When did the Ghana Empire exist?

A

700 A.D. - 1200 A.D.

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21
Q

What culture did the Ghana Empire contact and assimilate to?

A

Muslim Culture

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22
Q

Who did the Ghana Empire often trade with?

A

The Muslim World

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23
Q

What would the Ghana Empire trade abundantly?

A

Gold and Salt

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24
Q

What empire conquered and absorbed the Mali Empire and when?

A

The Ghana empire in 1240 A.D.

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25
Q

The Mali Empire continued the trading practices of what other empire?

A

Ghana Empire

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26
Q

Why was Mali considered one of the wealthiest empires in history?

A

They had a large supply of gold.

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27
Q

Where do most historical records of the Mali Empire come from?

A

Arab traders

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28
Q

When did the Kingdom of Zimbabwe exist?

A

1220 A.D. - 1450 A.D.

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29
Q

What was the capital city of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe?

A

Great Zimbabwe

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30
Q

What was the Kingdom of Zimbabwe’s advanced economy based on?

A

Global trade

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31
Q

What areas was the Kingdom of Zimbabwe the source of gold for?

A

Middle East & East Asia

32
Q

What archeological evidence do we have about the Kingdom of Zimbabwe?

A

Arab coins & Chinese Pottery

33
Q

What is Iberia?

A

Spain and Portugal (Iberian Peninsula)

34
Q

What areas of the world had the most significant concentrations of African slaves?

A

Spanish Americas and Brazil

35
Q

What factors contributed to the larger amount of Sub-Saharan African populations being used as slaves in Spanish-America compared to other groups (North African Slaves, Native Americans)?

A

The Spanish monarch banned the transport of North African, eastern Mediterranean, and morisco slaves to try and prevent the Islam religion from spreading. There weren’t many Native American slaves because they were killed by European diseases, and they knew the land so they were able to escape.

36
Q

What roles/jobs did African slaves play in Iberian-controlled areas of the Americas?

A

Work in mines or on sugar plantations, street vending, domestic service, artisanal labor, construction, maritime labor, and agriculture and animal husbandry

37
Q

What is the estimated number of Africans that were brought to the “New World” by the Iberians?

A

200,000 to 300,000

38
Q

Why are there discrepancies in the numbers of slaves brought to the “New World” by Iberians?

A

Ships would try to hide extra slaves or not register their ship to avoid taxes

39
Q

What group did the Belgians favor in Rwanda?

A

Tutsi

40
Q

What group did the Belgians leave in charge of Rwanda when they left and why?

A

The Hutus because they were the majority population.

41
Q

What was the trigger of the Rwandan Genocide?

A

The Hutu president’s plane was shot down and the Tutsi were blamed.

42
Q

What were the 2 sides of the Rwandan Genocide?

A

The Interahamwe - Hutu militia
Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) - Tutsi Rebel Group

43
Q

How many Tutsi were killed in the 100 days of the Rwandan Genocide?

A

800,000

44
Q

What city did the RPF capture to end the Rwandan genocide?

A

Kigali (capital city of Rwanda)

45
Q

Why did some Hutus flee Rwanda when the Genocide ended?

A

They were afraid the Tutsi would want revenge.

46
Q

Who is the current president of Rwanda?

A

Paul Kagame

47
Q

Is Paul Kagame a Hutu or Tutsi?

A

Tutsi

48
Q

Why is Paul Kagame sometimes considered a dictator?

A

He has been president for over 20 years.

49
Q

What two groups have always had conflict in Sudan?

A

Arabs and Non-Arabs

50
Q

What region of Sudan was left out of peace talk benefits (money, infrastructure, aid) after the first civil war?

A

The Darfur Region

51
Q

What religion did the Sudanese government support?

A

Arabs

52
Q

What was the book called that was published in 2000 and called for the “elimination of all non-Arab Sudanese”?

A

the “Black Book”

53
Q

What was the trigger of the Sudanese Genocide?

A

The Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA) & Justice and Equality Movement attacked Sudanese Troops in 2003.

54
Q

What were the two groups involved in the Sudanese Genocide?

A

The Janjaweed - Arab Militia
The non-Arab population in Darfur

55
Q

What does Janjaweed mean?

A

“evil men on horseback”

56
Q

How many non-Arab Sudanese were killed in the Sudanese Genocide?

A

200,000 - 400,000

57
Q

How many non-Arab Sudanese were displaced in the Sudanese Genocide?

A

Over 2 million

58
Q

When did Sudan divide into two countries after a referendum?

A

2011

59
Q

What group of people is in charge of the government in Sudan?

A

The military

60
Q

What language is “Apartheid” and what does it mean?

A

It means apartness in Afrikaans (a white language)

61
Q

What was Apartheid

A

The government policy of racial discrimination in South Africa

62
Q

What were “pass laws”?

A

Laws that controlled movement, employment, and residence of black citizens in South Africa

63
Q

What was the “Group areas act of 1950”?

A

It created segregated living spaces in South Africa putting the majority black people onto a small portion of land

64
Q

What does ANC stand for?

A

African National Congress

65
Q

What was the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960?

A

5,000 - 7,000 black people peacefully gathered to protest pass laws and pass books. The police shot and killed 200 people.

66
Q

What was the result of the Sharpeville Massacre?

A

It drew public attention and got the ANC banned.

67
Q

What were the two sides during apartheid in South Africa?

A

The ruling white Dutch & the non-white South African citizens

68
Q

When was Nelson Mandela released from prison?

A

February 1990

69
Q

Who did Nelson Mandela partner with after his release from jail?

A

F.W. de Klerk (white president of South Africa)

70
Q

What year could black South Africans vote?

A

1994

71
Q

Who won the 1994 South African presidential elections?

A

Nelson Mandela

72
Q

Is South Africa in a good position today?

A

No

73
Q

How many people are currently living with HIV/AIDS in SSA?

A

Nearly 25 million

74
Q

What percent of global cases of HIV/AIDS are in SSA?

A

70%

75
Q

What is the leading cause of death in SSA?

A

AIDS

76
Q

What are African countries doing to help the AIDS epidemic?

A

Educating the population

Global Extensions (1 decks)

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