Stylistic Terminology Flashcards
Syntax
Sentence structure
Provenance
The earliest known history of something.
Paralinguistic’s
Spoken communication that doesn’t involve words, may add shades of meaning to what people say. Like accent, fluency and pitch.
Suprasegmental features
Stress, tone or word juncture.
Grice’s maxims
Avoid ambiguity, be brief, be orderly.
Modality
The strength or force of a word- high modality words are forceful and vice versa.
Pragmatics
Words that contributes to context.
Register
The formality of texts- can be informal or formal.
Lexis
Words
Semantics
Meaning behind words or groups of words
Paralinguistics
Aspects of spoken communication that don’t use words e.g. gestures.
Syntax
Structure of sentences
Discourse features
Features of a particular text
Non fluency features
Mistakes and corrections we are whilst speaking and thinking simultaneously e.g. fillers, pauses.
Spontaneous/natural speech
Speech that has not been prepared
Suprasegmental features
How a person changes their voice to suit a particular topic/ audience
Standard dialect
The normal language used by a population.
Non standard English
English spoken in a way that is not normally expected
Received Pronunciation
A standard form of english pronunciation due to class or education
Grice’s maxims
Four rules for convo- quantity, quality, relation and manner.
Modality
Type of text- spoken or written
Provenance
Place of origin (where the discourse of text is from).
Pragmatics
The implied meanings of English
Socio historical context
The social and historical context of the text
Production/ reception
The circumstances in which the author wrote the text and how it affects the text or poem.
Audience/purpose
Who the text is aimed at and why it was written
Utterance
A spoken sentence
Adjacency pairs/ chaining
A unit of exchange where the second sentence is dependant upon the first.
Agenda setting/ gate keeping
Where a speaker sets the plan for the conversation / controlling the topic of the conversation.
Dominance
How much influence a speaker has over the conversation or how much they talk in relation to the other person.
Verse
Lines written in a poetic meter
Prose
Ordinary language doesn’t contain metrical structure of a poem.
Tragic hero
A character who makes a judgement error that leads to their own demise
Hamartia
A fatal flaw
Hubris
Excessive pride
Aside
Remark that is heard by the audience but not supposed to be heard by the other characters
Soliloquy
Speaking your thoughts to the audience
Shared line
Speakers share the number of syllables in a Shakespearean line between them
Stichomythia
Dialogue where 2 characters speak alternate lines of verse
Iambic pentameter
A line of verse with 5 feet, each foot contains one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable.
Rhyming couplet
A pair of lines that rhyme
Hyper-metrical lines
Lines with extra syllables than other lines in the text
Dramatic irony
When the audience knows something the characters don’t
Protagonist/ Antagonist
Leading character/ Enemy
Anagnorsis
When they realise what has happened almost like an uh oh moment.
Catharsis
Releasing of emotions
Caesura
Punctuation within a line of verse
Enjambment
Punctuation at the end of a line of verse
Omniscient / Limited / Unreliable
Narrator knows everything / Narrator knows some things / Narrator may not be telling full story or truth.
Symbol / Motif
A representation of something / reoccurring image or symbol
Foil
Character opposite to the protagonist (tries to defeat them) e.g. Myrtle and Daisy.
Idiolect
Speech habits of a particular person
Prolepsis/ Analepsis
Foreshadowing/ flashing back
Foreshadowing
Warning or anticipation of a future event
Climax
Most intense or exciting part of a situation or story
Exposition/Denouement
Introduces information about events or characters before telling the story/showing how the plot actually turned out
Rising action / Falling action
Build up to action and increase in tension / After action and decrease in tension.
Characterisation
Creation of a fictional character
Archetype
A typical character or action that represents patterns in humanity
Juxtaposition
2 things being close together that are opposites
Dialogue- free direct, speech tags, indirect
Quotation marks for direct/speech tags are things describing how it was said, like “said”.
