Styles of composers

Question 1

Johann Sebastian Bach

Answer 1

• Increased use of Chromaticism, Dissonance
• Figured bass
• Ever-increasing orientation towards Tonality
• A variety of genres except opera
• Harmonic and contrapuntal elements in perfect balance
• Amazing combination of German, French and Italian characteristics

Question 2

Domenico Scarlatti

Answer 2

• 555 Sonatas for pianoforte
• Two or three thematic ideas, closely related but contrasts in mood
• No polyphonic texture, melody in high register, virtuosic left hand
• Harmonic coloration with bold dissonances
• Idiomatic writing (Rapid scales, division of figuration between hands, fast octaves, crossing of hands, trills in fast tempo, double notes, large skips)

Question 3

Joseph Haydn

Answer 3

• Follows conventions, but introduces surprises (Key element of his style)
• Use of folk melodies
• Lyrical 2nd movements
• Some baroque contrapuntal influence
• Ornamentations to sustain long notes
• Brilliant passagework
• Wit and humor
• Depth of feeling
• Never ending inventiveness
• Sonata form in all of his work

Question 4

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Answer 4

• Orchestral effects
• Alberti Bass
• Affinity for counterpoint (studied Bach)
• Variety of textures
• Transparency/elegance
• Operatic influence
  
  1. Lyrical melodies
  2. Simple accompaniments
  3. Contrasting themes - Different characters singing

Question 5

Ludwig van Beethoven

Answer 5

• Sonata form always evolving
• Thick textures, orchestral effects
• String quartet textures
• Unprepared dynamic changes
• Rests used in a powerful way
• Virtuosic
• Momentum in the music (the engine)
• Pushes the limits of the piano
• New sonorities
• Thematic unity
• Gorgeous slow movements