stuff to remember Flashcards
What proteins are involved in forming tight junctions between epithelial cells?
occludin and claudin proteins
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How does selectin and integrin mediate leukocyte infiltration in inflamed tissue?
Selectins mediate initial binding, by roling across the endothelial cells, then leukocytes activate integrins, allowing stronger adhesion and tissue invasion.
Give an example of cell specialisation?
Chromaffin cells which have the specific enzymes to synthesise adrenaline (a.k.a. epinephrine)
What is hertwig’s rule?
In the absence of over-riding factors, cells will only orientate their division planes which result in the least mechanical stress
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Describe Ret/GDNF Signalling involved in kidney formation
wnt11 secreted by UB to the MM. This activates GDNF expression, and GDNF then binds to the Ret receptor on the UB. This results in a positive feedback loop whereby increased amounts of wnt11 become secreted by UB.
What is sprouty?
Ret activity induces the expression of sprouty, which then inhibits Ret activity as a result (i.e. exerting negative feedback)
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Explain how mesenchymal to epithelial transition occurs in the kidney
The metenephric mesenchyme is induced by wnt signalling proteins to form renal vesicles.
WNT9B is expressed at the right place by the UB. This then causes WNT4 to be induced by the MM which acts as an autocrine manner. This promotes mesenchymal aggregation.
How do glomerular capillaries form in the nephron?
Podycyte precursor cells secrete VEGF
Endothelial cells respond to VEGF and VEGF acts as a chemoattractant whereby the higher the concentration of VEGF, the greater the presence of Endothelial cells.
Remember these cell types and relative positions
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