Stuff to Know Flashcards
Advocacy Planning 1960-1970
Sail Alinsky, Paul Davidoff, Sheri Arnstein. Cookie cutter plans were not responsive to local needs. Elitist plans were prepared and adopted by “establishment” planning commissions. Plans ignored the needs to minorities and low-income families. Advocacy planning refers to the right of a neighborhood group or other group to advocate plans directed to its own interest. Citizen participation is important
Key concepts of Advocacy planning
planners should be advocates. planners have values underlying their positions. Values held by planners should be clear. Planners should be advocates of either governments or other groups. Planning policy should be determined through the process of political debate. balance between bureaucracy and special interest.
Cincinnati plan of 1925
Ford-Goodrich plan for Cincinnati. landmark because its scope was far broader than most plans of that period. it contained sections of historical growth, and probable trends of future development, downtown traffic problems, subdivision and housing, schools and playyards, garbage and refuse.
Central Park 1857
designed by Frederick Olmstead SR and Calvert Vaux. Central park became the model for large urban parks throughout the 19th century.
Chicago Plan 1909
First comprehensive plan for orderly development. inspired by the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicagos Jackson Park. Launched the City Beautiful Movement. Designed by Daniel Burnham. First comprehensive plan in the US.
Major components of the Chicago Plan
system of regional highways, systematic arrangement of streets and avenues, improved railroad terminals, improved Lake Michigan frontage with parks, beaches, off-shore islands, utilized parkways to connect existing and proposed parks
City Beautiful Movement
the primary proponent was Daniel Burnham. Components included: recreate cities as works of art, grandeur, strong axis, monuments, parks, monumental public buildings, more emphasis on how things looked than how they worked. Emphasized civic art and sanitary hygiene
Country Club Plaza, Kansas City, Missouri
1922- First suburban shopping center developed by JC Nichols
Euclid 1926
Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty- legitimized zoning as a way of controlling land use. gave planners credibility they didnt have before. Euclid is a suburb in Ohio. The code included land use zones, height restrictions, lot area requirements, and setback requirements.
Forest Hills Gardens, Long Island, NY 1911
located in Queens NY. begun in 1908. America’s firt Garden suburb. Designed by Frederick Olmstead JR and Grosvenor Atterbury. served as the inspiration for Clarence Perrys Neighborhood Unit Concept
Garden Cities
primary proponent was Ebenezer Howard. Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker, Clarence Perry, Clarence Stein. movement was spawned by a new socioeconomic system acclaimed as superior to capitalism and socialism, characterized by local management and self-government without the need for intervention from the central state. designed for socioeconomic stratums just above poor
primary components of Garden Cities
developed cities of 30,000 residents with radial avenues and periphel industries, separated from adjacent cities by greenbelt and connected via rapid transit. developed on farmland. as land values increased, mortgages from landowners would provide for the welfare state without the need of taxation. first demonstration on US: Forest Hills Gardens, NY; Sunnyside Gardens, NY; Fairlawn, NJ; contained villages separated by factories and cities by a greenbelt. Introduced Neighborhood Unit Principle.
Neighborhood Unit Principle
school is the central focus. local shops located where nieghborhoods intersect. contained a central area for community institutions.
Greenbelt Towns
began in 1935 with the New Deal Program- Rural Resettlement Administration. US Department of Agriculture. agency undertook to design and construct four communities known as greenbelt towns: Greenbelt, MD, Greenhills, OH, Greendale, WI, Greenbrook, NJ (never built). planned to assist local employment and to create model communities to guide future development.
Components of greenbelt Towns
modified neighborhood units in countryside surrounded by extensive greenbelts of public land. served as dormitory suburbs for nearby metropolises, towns were built and operated by federal government
Hawaiis State Land Use Law
1961- zoned the state into districts, urban, agriculture, and conservation. established a state land-use commission. First statewide regulatory system in US
Kalamazoo Mall
Michigan 1956- opened in 1959- nations first downtown pedestrian mall. based on plan for the city by Victor Gruen- has been extended twice with considerable success.
New York City Zoning Code
1916- first comprehensive zoning code in the US- George Burdett Ford provided technical assistance to drafters
Oregon’s Statewide Program for Land Use Planning
1973- created the most extensive, innovative program for land use planning in America, resulting in state policies and interests in land use being reflected in local comprehensive plans and land use regulations, including statewide growth management
Petaluma Environmental Design Plan
1971-1972, prepared by Corwin Mocine and Sydney Williams, plans controversial system for phasing residential growth was upheld by the US Supreme Court. the plan limited new housing to 500 units a year. it established a 200 foot wide greenbelt and created a community board to evaluate new development.
Radburn 1928
located in Fairlawn, NJ. Radburn was a model project designed by Stein and Wright. represented the evolution of the neighborhood unit idea explored at Hampstead, London.. One of the most publicized long-lived and influential models of domestic city planning. became prototype for most of the advanced American Land development planning for the next 50 years
Components of Radburn
large superblocks, center of the block parks, bounded by two story single family houses, pedestrian paths led from houses, through parks, to local schools nearby shopping center. separated pedestrian and vehicular traffic. utilized a systematic pattern of cul-de-sacs, footpaths and underpasses
Riverside Plan if IL
1869- railroad suburb designed by Frederick Olmstead SR, and Calvert Vaux, noted for curvilinear street and park like surroundings
San Francisco Zoning Ordinance
1867- prohibited the operation of slaughter houses and storage of hogs in certain areas, laying the foundation for zoning use controls elsewhere
Savannah plan, Georgia
1733- work of James Oglethorpe, founder of Georgia colony. original ward system with a unique central square was followed later in development. rare example of early city growth design
Tennessee Valley Authority
1933+ independent multifunctional government agency created for regional planning and development of the Tennessee River Valley. Extensive programs ranged from flood protection and water management to recreational development and power generation. operated as a semi-independent federal corporation. unique regional development organization and forebear to contemporary COG’s and MPO’s
Vieux Carre, Plan of New Orleans
1721- old city of new orleans. was prepared in 1721 by Adrien de Pauger, french military engineer. the original grid plan, centered on Place d’Armes, is still intact. 1925 the neighborhood was protected by the nations first historic preservation ordinance
Plan of Washington DC 1791
the radial and gridiron plan by Pierre L’Enfant. influenced myriad city plans across the US
Yellowstone National Park
1872 first national park in US
