Stuff to Know Flashcards
Golden Rule
“To one to others as they done onto you”
Empathy
Empathy:
→ fuels connected;
→ It is a vulnerable choice
→ perceptive taking, staying out of judgment, recognise the motion, communication.
→ Empathy is a scared space,
→ Empathy is the heart of the golden rule
→ Not self-driven to violence but compassion
→ Built into our biology
→ We know life is fragile, we respect others and creatures
→ No empathy in heaven because there is no morality
→ Empathy is the invisible hand -to empathise is to civilise
→ Religion is based on identity and empathy is based on identity.
Ethic of reciprocity
Relationship between self and others:
Treat others as you yourself would like to be treated. (positive)
Don’t treat others as you would like to be treated . (negative)
Golden Rule Faults
Faults - you can’t always understand how others would like to be treated, because you are taking your personal view on the situation.
Value & Ethics - Judaism
• 10 commandments are essential • Four Principles → Exodus → Leviticus → Rabbinic → The rules of Kosher • Charity • Diet • Torah - the law, refers to the beginning of the old testament. • Jews are expected to live like Halacha • 10 commandments
Values & Ethics - Christianity
• Shares ethics with Judaism
• Primary influences are…
1. Ten commandments + the gospel
2. The Beatitudes
3. Pauline Epistles - letters of Paul, behavioural expectations
• Within Christianity each brand have different values and ethics however share (1,2,3) above.
• Anything relates to sex, gender, contraception, marriage are controversial
• Environmental ethics ranges from “dominions” (to rule over) to those based on the idea of stewardship (don’t own it but I will look after it”
Value & Ethics - Buddhism
Buddhism: • 5 Precepts → To undertake to harm no living thing → To undertake • Likewise with Christianity, Buddhism have different branches which interpret the law differently • Understanding of sex and gender range
Value and Ethics - Islam
Islam: • 5 pillars → Profession (to god) → Prayer → Charity → Fasting → Pilgrimage • Set of Commandments
Value and Ethics - Hinduism
Hinduism: • Dama → Proper conduct in human beings → Proper conduct of conduct • Karma - consequences of doing bad • Cows are scared
Goodness
Þ Actions
Þ Morally inclined to do good for others
Þ Interaction with others
Divine Command Theory
is the idea that we have a duty to obey God, and therefore a duty to do or not do whatever God has commanded us to do or not do.
- Divine Command Theory is a moral theory, and moral theology, but, strictly speaking, it is not normative moral philosophy.
- Divine Command Theory is not normative moral philosophy, if philosophy is defined as the systematic inquiry into the nature of things (such as norms), based on logical reasoning or rationality.
- Following commands does not require reason.
- Divine Command Theory has been variously categorized as moral prescriptivism, as moral theology, and as deontological ethics.
- Do something ethical because god said to do it.
Utilitarianism - DEFINITION
- complete action
- Greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people
- Maximises pleasure minimise pain
Deontological - DEFINITION
- Ontological is being therefore definite being.
- Things are either good or bad
- Actions are not justified by their affects but in accordance with a moral norm
- Obligation to do right.
Virtue Ethics
- Stresses the idea of cultivating of character or virtures
- Does not provide a rule book but suggests that people should act in such as way that actions contribute to the
- A lot older than the other frame works
- Aims at living at good life.
Teleological
a theory of ethics (as utilitarianism or ethical egoism) according to which the rightness of an act is determined by its end.
