Stuff I Can't Remember Flashcards
What is an external supravesicular hernia?
Just medial to a direct hernia. At risk of cutting iliohypogastric nerve
Where do you anesthetize the scrotum?
Ilioinguinal for anterolateral and
pudendal for inferiorposterior
Know the ligaments of:
Liver (4)
Stomach
Spleen
And the arteries and veins that run through some of them.
Liver: (Last 2 part of the lesser omentum
Falciform
Hepatogastric –> Left gastric artery
Hepatoduodenal –> Contains triad (portal vein, hepatic artery, biliary duct)
Coronary ligament –> limits the lesser space’s superior recess
Stomach: (all part of the greater omentum)
Gastropyloric
Gastrocolic –> gastroepiploic artery
Hepatogastric
Gastrosplenic -> Short gastric artery; left gastroepiploic artery
Splenorenal ligament –> Splenic artery and vein
What organs are in the supracolic compartment?
Infracolic?
What splits the infracolic into righ tand left?
stomach spleen liver
Everything else
Mesentary of small intestine
Esophagus and Stomach Histology
Esophagus
Mucosa:
Stratified squamous
Lamina propria has cardiac esophageal glands
Muscularis mucosae present only in lower segment
Submucosa:
Submucosal glands
Submucosal venous plexus drain into portal system
Increase pressure causes esophageal varices
Muscularis externa:
upper=skeletal muscle
middle=skeletal and smooth
Lower=smooth
serosa/adventitia:
Esophagus is only part of digestive system that does not have mesothelium on it’s serosa layer - has adipose instead
Stomach Mucosa: Secretory simple columnar epithelium Lamina propria Contains Cardiac, gastric, pyloric glands (gastric pits) Muscularis mucosa facilitates gastric gland secretions Submucosa: Dense irregular CT arteries/veins NO GLANDS (will help ID the stomach on a slide) Muscularis externa: 3 layers instead of 2 Circular layer thicker in pyloric region Serosa: Loose CT with blood vessels
What is Ménétrier’s disease?
Autoimmune gastritis?
Achlorhydia?
Pernicious anemia?
Helicobacter Pylori?
Men disease: TGF-a is low, and causes hypergenesis of mucous cells.
Autoimmune gastritis: Abs eat H/K+ ATPase = no parietal cells to make HCL.
Achlorhydria = Decrease in HCL. Caused by top 2
Pernicious anemia = RBCs made by intrinsic factor made by parietal cells. if gastritis, then no parietal cells = no RBCs = anemia
Helicobacter pylori = Makes a crap ton of ammonia
Duodenum parts and important stuff about them, also Vertebral location? Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
Part 1: L1
- hepatoduodenal ligament with hepatic triad.
- Location for duodenal ulcers
Part 2: L1-L3
- Bile enters here via duodenal papilla
Part 3: L3
- Crosses SMA
- Nutcracker Syndrome
Part 4: L3 - L2
- Held by ligametn of duodenum
The jejunum and ileum have similar arteries and ligaments attached to them. What are they?
Arteries: SMA --> Jejunum and ileal arteries --> arterial arcades --> vasa recta Ligaments: THE mesentary ligament Holds: SMA, lymph node, fat, autonomic nerve. Crosses: 3rd and 4th duodenum Aorta IVC R Ureter R Psoas Major R Gonadal vessels
Diverticulosis? Vovlulus of sigmoid colon? Esophagesal varices? Pyrosis? Displaced stomach? Pylorospasm? PYloric Stenosis?
Diverticulosis: little pockets
Volvulus: Colon gets twisted
Pyrosis: Heartburn. Hiatal hernias
Displaced stomach by pancreas enlargement
Pylorospasm: stomach muscles can’t relax
Pylroic Stenosis: Pylorus is hard, elongated, and narrow. hard to get food through
Carcinoma: Have to cut out everything. Whole spleen, pancreas.
2nd duo part
Medial
Anterior
Posterior
Medial : pancreas
Anterior: R lobe Liver, Transverse colon, gall bladder
Posterior: kidney
Timeline
Dorsal mesentary
Week 4
Timeline Day 20-26 Spleen formation Dorsal mesentary Herniated midgut Midgut brought back in First rotatino of midgut Final rotation of midgut
Stomach Week 4 Weeek 6 week 10 Day 50 - 90 degrees (week 6 Day 70 - 90 (week 10) day 73 (week 11)
You get a slide. How do you know it’s not Large intestine?
There is villi. No villi in L intestine
You get a slide. How do you know it’s not Large intestine?
There is villi. No villi in L intestine
Diarrhea = too much water. What gut wall layer is screwed up.
Mucosa.
