Stuff from Lecture

Question 1

What is important to remember about salts and ionic compounds?

Answer 1

Salt = ionic compound. Both mean the same thing.

Question 2

What essentially happens during a neutralization reaction?

Answer 2

An acids reacts with a base to form a salt.

Question 3

What colors does litmus change to, and under what conditions?

Answer 3

Litmus turns red in acidic solutions, and blue in basic solutions

Question 4

What general term describes a substance that in general reacts with many metal ions to form precipitates?

Answer 4

bases

Question 5

What general term describes a substance that in general reacts with carbonates to form carbon dioxide?

Answer 5

acids

Question 6

What general term describes a substance that in general reacts with active metals to form hydrogen gas (diatomic)

Answer 6

acids

Question 7

Give my mnemonic for knowing the definition of Lewis acids & bases.

Answer 7

Acids - electron pair Acceptor (a for acceptor)

Bases - electron pair bestower/benefactor (b for bestower)

Question 8

What is a carboxyl group?

Answer 8

-COOH

Question 9

What technically is an organic amine?

Answer 9

An organic base of form R3N – R can be hydrogen or an alkyl group (-CH3, -CH2CH3, etc.)

Question 10

Non-metal ______ are _______ anhydrides

Answer 10

oxides; acid

Question 11

Metal oxides are _________________

Answer 11

base anhydrides

Question 12

Give the “chemical reaction” for acid-base indicators in general and mention the stability of the indicator form.

Answer 12

HIn + H2O H3O+ + In-
LHS: stable in lower pH
(think equilibrum [Le Chateliers])
RHS: stable in higher pH

Question 13

What do compounds of high covalent character contain?

Answer 13

Only nonmetals and no polyatomic ions

Question 14

What are binary acids?

Answer 14

Compounds containing H+ and a simple anion

Question 15

What are oxo acids?

Answer 15

Compounds containing H+ and a polyatomic anion

Question 16

We can have 100% _________ compounds but NOT 100% _________ compounds

Answer 16

covalent; ionic

Question 17

What is the value and symbol of Avogadro’s number that I personally want to memorize?

Answer 17

6.022141 * 10^23, Symbols include: N_A and L (N and L are in italics, not A)

Question 18

What electron configuration “exception elements” do I need to know?

Answer 18

24-Cr, 42-Mo

29-Cu, 47-Ag, 79-Au

Question 19

Atoms form chemical bonds to do what?

Answer 19

To achieve a more stable electron configuration.