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CE155 - Network Fundamentals > Stuff > Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 layers of the OSI Model?

A
  1. Application
  2. Presentation
  3. Session
  4. Transport
  5. Network
  6. Data link
  7. Physical
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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the TCP/IP Model?

A
  1. Application
  2. Transport
  3. Internet
  4. Network Interface
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3
Q

Roughly which layers of the OSI model does Layer 1 of the TCP/IP Model cover?

A

1 and 2

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4
Q

Roughly which layers of the OSI model does Layer 2 of the TCP/IP Model cover?

A

3

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5
Q

Roughly which layers of the OSI model does Layer 3 of the TCP/IP Model cover?

A

4

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6
Q

Roughly which layers of the OSI model does Layer 4 of the TCP/IP Model cover?

A

5, 6, 7

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7
Q

TCP/IP

What is the purpose of the network interface layer?

A

Define details of how data is physically sent through the network

Determines how bits are electrically or optically signaled by hardware

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8
Q

TCP/IP

Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, X.25 and Frame Relay are protocols in which layer?

A

1 - Network interface layer

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9
Q

What does CSMA/CD stand for?

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

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10
Q

What is the purpose of CSMA/CD?

A

To prevent data collision in shared media.

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11
Q

How does CSMA/CD work?

A

Listens to the media to see if there is any current transmission. If so, wait then listen again. If not, send the data. If the data then collides it will need to be retransmitted so wait and listen again.

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12
Q

TCP/IP

What is the purpose of the Internet layer?

A

It packs data into packets known as IP datagrams and ensures they reach the correct destination host

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13
Q

TCP/IP

What information does an IP datagram contain?

A

Source and Destination address, headers and the actual data itself

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14
Q

TCP/IP

What is the purpose of the Internet layer?

A

Routing data to the correct destination through the shortest path

Transmitting data to the network interface layer

Handling errors, fragmentation, and reassembling of packets

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15
Q

TCP/IP

IP and ICMP are protocols operating in which layer?

A

2 - Internet layer

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16
Q

TCP/IP

What is the purpose of the Transport layer?

A

To transfer data to and from the correct application using port numbers and transport layer protocols

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17
Q

TCP/IP

What are the two Transport Layer Protocols?

A

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

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18
Q

What is the purpose of reference models such as OSI and TCP/IP?

A

It allows manufacturers of different systems to let their products interoperate.

Same model used everywhere so Software and Hardware can integrate

Makes solutions more portable

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19
Q

Briefly describe the operation of TCP

A

Header contains source/dest port, seq number, ack number, other info, then the data section

Establishes a connection between two hosts and allows exchange of data.

Keeps track of packet sequence so that if a packet is lost it can be resent

Guaranteed delivery - detects errors in transmission or the packet itself

Packets arrive in the correct order thanks to sequence number

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20
Q

Briefly describe the operation of UDP

A

Header contains source and destination port, length of data, checksum

UDP is unreliable - there is no guarantee the packet will reach it’s destination, and packets are not ordered.

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21
Q

TCP/IP

What is the purpose of the application layer?

A

Includes the applications running on the host which send and receive packets. Each application has port numbers assigned for sending and receiving.

22
Q

What is POP3, and what is it’s purpose?

A

Post office protocol (version 3)

Retrieves emails from a remote mail server, using TCP

23
Q

On which port does POP3 listen?

24
Q

What is the purpose of HTTP?

A

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol allows a client to request data from a server, and the server to respond to a request.

Used most commonly in web browsers for unencrypted transmission of data such as websites, images etc.

Headers are used to transmit information about a request or response. e.g. a 200 header response from the server means the request qas successful, while 404 means the file asked for by the request could not be found.

25
Q

ICMP is found in which layer?

A

Internet Layer

26
Q

What is the purpose of ICMP?

A

To send and receive messages between network devices

Usually used to report errors but also used by some tools such as ping and traceroute. Also used to report when a packet’s TTL expires

27
Q

OSI

What is the purpose of the physical layer?

A

Tells hardware how to send and receive bits over different media.

Responsible for sending the data physically

28
Q

OSI

What is the purpose of the data link layer?

A

Prepares data to be sent over physical medium

Can change depending on medium

29
Q

OSI

What is the purpose of the network layer?

A

To un/encapsulate data from higher layers, ready to be prepared by the data link layer

30
Q

OSI

What is the purpose of the Transport Layer?

A

To get the data to the correct application

31
Q

OSI

What is the purpose of the session layer?

A

Allows a session to be opened, maintained or closed between processes on two hosts

32
Q

OSI

What is the purpose of the presentation layer?

A

Responsible for delivery and formatting of information to the application layer for further processing or display.

33
Q

What does the IOS command

show ip route

do?

A

Shows the routing table of the device - all the networks the router can reach and how to get there

34
Q

What does the IOS command

copy startup-config running-config

do?

A

Copies the startup config stored in NVRAM to the running config, essentially discarding any modifications that have not been saved

35
Q

What does the IOS command

no shutdown

do?

A

Enables an interface (used in interface configuration mode)

36
Q

What does the IOS command

enable

do?

A

Elevates permissions from user mode to privileged mode

37
Q

What does the IOS command

configure terminal

do?

A

Enters global configuration mode where all parameters can be changed

38
Q

What does the IOS command

hostname

do?

A

Modifies the hostname of the device

39
Q

What does the IOS command

ipaddress 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

do?

A

Sets the interface’s IP address to 192.168.1.2 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0

40
Q

What does the IOS command

banner motd

do?

A

Sets the “message of the day banner” which displays whenever a user logs in

41
Q

What does the IOS command

erase startup-config

do?

A

Erases the startup-config in the NVRAM.

42
Q

What does the IOS command

shutdown

do?

A

Deactivate an interface

43
Q

What does the IOS command

show running-config

do?

A

Prints the contents of the running config to the window (config in RAM)

44
Q

What does the IOS command

enable secret

do?

A

Sets a password for the enable command to prevent unauthorised users from using it

45
Q

What does the IOS command

sh ver

do?

A

Shows the version information about the running version of IOS

46
Q

What is a /24 subnet mask?

A

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

=

FF.FF.FF.00

=

255.255.255.0

47
Q

How many hosts can be accommodated with a /24 mask?

48
Q

Describe the structure of the frame in the data link layer?

A

Header - Data - Trailer

In header: Frame Start pattern, Addresses, type, Quality control

In trailer: Error detection, Frame End

49
Q

What is the IP Protocol?

A

Internet Protocol

Delivers messages based on IP address across network boundaries

CE155 - Network Fundamentals (1 decks)

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