Study test

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. Today, chemists recognize 92 of these occurring in nature.

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Table salt is an example.

Question 3

Covalent Bond

Answer 3

is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. Two or more atoms held together by these bonds constitute a molecule.

Question 4

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 4

is a covalent bond between two atoms of the same element that share the electrons equally because of the same electronegetivity. They have a tug-of-war.

Question 5

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 5

occurs when one atom is bonded to a more electronegetive atoms; the electrons of the bond are not shared equally. Such bonds vary their polarity, depending on the relative electronegetivity of the two atoms.

Question 6

Ionic Bond

Answer 6

occurs when cations and anions attract each other because of their opposite charges.

Question 7

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 7

are the noncovalent attaractions between hydrogen and an electronegative atom.

Question 8

Van Der Waals Interactions

Answer 8

are weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges. These occur only when atoms and molecules are very close together, when many of these interactions occur simultaneously, they can be very powerful.

Question 9

Acidic

Answer 9

On the pH scale, the numbers 0 to 6 represent

Question 10

Neutral

Answer 10

On the pH scale, the number 7 represents

Question 11

Basic

Answer 11

On the pH scale, the numbers 8 to 14 represent

Question 12

10

Answer 12

pH is a logarithmic scale; each number represents a _____-fold change in the acidity/alkalinity of the liquid.

Question 13

Adenine-Thymine

Answer 13

DNA only

Question 14

Cytosine-Guanine

Answer 14

Both DNA and RNA

Question 15

Adenine-Uracil

Answer 15

RNA only

Question 16

Trace

Answer 16

Iron is considered a ___________ element, it is required in minute quantities in order to survive and live a healthy life. A deficiency in iron can cause anemia.

Question 17

Lyosome

Answer 17

is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells that functions in the breakdown of ingested substances, cell macromolecules, and damaged organelles for recycling.

Question 18

Hypothesis

Answer 18

Dr. Beaker was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the gulf of New Mexico. His proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protist is considered a(n)

Question 19

List the four basic features of ALL cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)

Answer 19

Semifluid substance called Cytosol
Plasma Membrane
Chromosome (Carry Genes)
Ribosomes (Make protein)

Question 20

What are some examples (in nature) of a protein in Primary Structure?

Answer 20

A sequential string of amino acids

Question 21

What are some examples (in nature) of a protein in secondary structure? Check all that apply

Answer 21

Human hair and Spiderwebs

Question 22

List the four types of carbon skeleton variations

Answer 22

Length, Branching, double bond position, Position of Rings

Question 23

The storage polysaccharide in Plants

Answer 23

Starch

Question 24

The storage polysaccharide in Animals

Answer 24

Glycogen