Study test Flashcards
Element
is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. Today, chemists recognize 92 of these occurring in nature.
Compound
is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Table salt is an example.
Covalent Bond
is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms. Two or more atoms held together by these bonds constitute a molecule.
Non-Polar Covalent Bond
is a covalent bond between two atoms of the same element that share the electrons equally because of the same electronegetivity. They have a tug-of-war.
Polar Covalent Bond
occurs when one atom is bonded to a more electronegetive atoms; the electrons of the bond are not shared equally. Such bonds vary their polarity, depending on the relative electronegetivity of the two atoms.
Ionic Bond
occurs when cations and anions attract each other because of their opposite charges.
Hydrogen Bond
are the noncovalent attaractions between hydrogen and an electronegative atom.
Van Der Waals Interactions
are weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges. These occur only when atoms and molecules are very close together, when many of these interactions occur simultaneously, they can be very powerful.
Acidic
On the pH scale, the numbers 0 to 6 represent
Neutral
On the pH scale, the number 7 represents
Basic
On the pH scale, the numbers 8 to 14 represent
10
pH is a logarithmic scale; each number represents a _____-fold change in the acidity/alkalinity of the liquid.
Adenine-Thymine
DNA only
Cytosine-Guanine
Both DNA and RNA
Adenine-Uracil
RNA only
Trace
Iron is considered a ___________ element, it is required in minute quantities in order to survive and live a healthy life. A deficiency in iron can cause anemia.
Lyosome
is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes in animal cells that functions in the breakdown of ingested substances, cell macromolecules, and damaged organelles for recycling.
Hypothesis
Dr. Beaker was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the gulf of New Mexico. His proposal that the deaths were caused by an organism called a protist is considered a(n)
List the four basic features of ALL cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)
Semifluid substance called Cytosol
Plasma Membrane
Chromosome (Carry Genes)
Ribosomes (Make protein)
What are some examples (in nature) of a protein in Primary Structure?
A sequential string of amino acids
What are some examples (in nature) of a protein in secondary structure? Check all that apply
Human hair and Spiderwebs
List the four types of carbon skeleton variations
Length, Branching, double bond position, Position of Rings
The storage polysaccharide in Plants
Starch
The storage polysaccharide in Animals
Glycogen
