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Study Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of construction?

A
  • Type I - fire resistive: Concrete or protected steel. Typically found in high-rise buildings.
  • Type II - Non-combustible: Reinforced masonry with metal framing at roof. Typically found in mid-rise office buildings.
  • Type III - Combustible: Also called “ordinary” using brick, block or light gauge steel framing walls with wood framing at roof. typically found in low-rise schools. hotels and offices.
  • Type IV - Heavy Timber: Also called “Mill” Construction, wood must be nominally 8” or larger. Typically found in warehouse buildings.
  • Type V - Wood Frame: used on apartment buildings and single-family homes. Typically found in apartment buildings and single-family homes.
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2
Q

A-305

A

Contractors qualification statement

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3
Q

A101

A

Standard form f agreement between the owner and the contractor where the basis for payment is a stipulated sum

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4
Q

A101

A

Standard form of agreement between owner and contractor where the basis for payment is stipulated sum

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5
Q

A201

A

General conditions of the contract for construction

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6
Q

A305

A

Contractors Qualification statement

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7
Q

A701

A

Instructions to bidders

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8
Q

Accessory occupancy

A
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9
Q

what determines an accessory use area

A
  • Area can’t exceed 10% of total floor area allowed by height and area table.
  • It does not need to be separated from the main area by a fire separation.
  • Example: A small office inside a factory.
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10
Q

Addenda

A

Statements or drawings that modify basic contract documents after the latter have been issued to bidders, but prior to taking bids.

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11
Q

Addition to the contract sum

A

An amount added to the contract sum either by an accepted additive alternate or by a change order.

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12
Q

Arbitration

A

An Alternative to litigation or litigating a dispute in which one or more arbitrators hear the evidence and render a decision.

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13
Q

What is architect’s primary duty?

A

To protect the Health Safety and Welfare of the public

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14
Q

B101

A

Standard form of agreement between architect and the owner.

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15
Q

What 2 documents make up the B101

(Agreement between owner and Architect)

A

B101=B102 + B201

  • B102 - Cannot stand alone and must be paired with something else. (standard form of agreement between owner and architect w/o a predefined scope of architects services.
  • B201 - Standard form of architects services design & Construction Contract.
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16
Q

Basic Services

A

The architectural services normally required for a building project usually consisting of:

  • Schematic design
  • design development
  • construction documents
  • bidding and negotiation
  • construction contract administration.
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17
Q

Bid Bond

A

A surety bond guaranteeing that the bidder will sign a contract if offered in accordance with his or her proposal

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18
Q

Bidding documents

A
  • invitation to bid
  • bid form
  • contract documents
  • instructions to bidders
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19
Q

Bonus and penalty clause

A

A provision in the construction contract for payment of a bonus to the contractor for completing the project prior to a specific date and for a charge (penalty) against the contractor for failing to complete the project by the date.

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20
Q

Bridging

A
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21
Q

what building code topics are typically addressed in the programming phase?

A
  • Allowable floor area
  • Parking requirements
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22
Q

C401

A

Standard form of agreement between Architect and consultant

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23
Q

Cash Allowance

A

An amount included in the contract sum to cover the cost of certain items not specified in detail. Hardware and other finish items are often handled in this manner.

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24
Q

Certificate of occupancy

A

A document issued by the governing authority stating that a building complies with applicable laws and permitting occupancy for its designated use.

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25
Q

Certificate of payment

A

A Statement by the architect informing the owner of the amount due to the contractor for work completed and or materials properly stored.

G702

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26
Q

Certificate of substantial completion

A

A document prepared by the architect stating that the work is substantially complete, thereby establishing the date of substantial completion. It generally fixes the time within which the contractor must complete the unfinished work listed.

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27
Q

change in services

(of the architect)

A

Professional services rendered by the architect upon the owner’s request, in addition to the basic services identified in the owner-architect agreement also called extra services.

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28
Q

change order

A

a written order to the contractor prepared by the architect and signed by the owner, contractor, and architect who authorizes a change in the work, the contract sum or the contract time.

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29
Q

Clerk of Works

A

the owner’s job site representative.

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30
Q

CM Advisor

A

Administers the contract and the work as the owners representative and don’t have financial responsibility

Advise owner about budget and contractibility during the design phase.

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31
Q

CM Advisor

A

Acts only as a constructibility consultant and cost management consultant to the owner during the design and construction process, but will not build the building.

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32
Q

CM Agent

A

Hired by the owner first, the CM manages the entire project on behalf of the owner.

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33
Q

CM Agent

(CM-A)

A

the CM As Agent provides Early consulting and may act on behalf of the owner in assembling and coordinating the construction trades prior to and during construction.

CM-Agents typically provide their services for a fixed fee.

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34
Q

CM Contractor

A

Hired by the owner @ 30% of design completion.

Advise owner Prior to construction and then build project

Assume a vendor relationship with the owner and have financial responsibility, topically using a fixed price, cost + fee w/ GMP

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35
Q

CM-Contractor

(CM-C)

A

The constructibility and cost advisor role of the contractor during the projects design phase and then transitions at a predetermined moment to the traditional role of a design-bid-build contractor for the project.

Typically includes a G.M.P Which is a commitment by the CM-C to build the project for a specific price based on an early design.

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36
Q

What is a code?

A

A code is an organized body of law designed to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public

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37
Q

Common path of egress travel

A

A portion of exit access that occupants must travel before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to 2 exists become available.

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38
Q

Completion Bond

A

A bond obtained by the contractor or owner which guarantees that the project will be completed free of liens.

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39
Q

Comprehensive services

A

The architect’s Basic services expanded to include certain additional services such as programming, land use studies, etc.

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40
Q

Construction Change Directive

A

A document signed by the owner and the architect which authorizes a change in the work, the contract sum or the contract time. Used when there is not complete agreement on the terms of a change order.

For a CCD, the contractor does not have to agree.

for a change order, the contractor does have to be in agreement.

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41
Q

Contract Documents

A
  • Working drawings
  • specifications
  • addenda
  • general conditions of the contract
  • supplementary conditions
  • ower-contractor agreement
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42
Q

Contract Documents

A
  • owner-contractor agreement
  • general conditions of the contract
  • supplementary conditions of the contract
  • drawings
  • specifications
  • addenda issued prior to contract
  • Any other documents specifically listed in the agreement
  • modifications issued after execution of the contract
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43
Q

Contract sum

A

The total amount payable by the owner to the contractor as stated in the owner-contractor agreement, for performing the work under the contract documents.

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44
Q

Cost plus fee contract

A

An agreement under which the contractor or the architect is reimbursed for his or her costs and in addition is paid a fee for his or her services.

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45
Q

Cost plus fee method

A
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46
Q

Critical Path Method

(CPM)

A

A project management procedure in which all events and operations are charted in a way that establishes the optimum sequence and duration of operations.

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47
Q

Davis-Bacon act

A

A federal law that requires the department of labor to set prevailing wages for government-financed construction projects.

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48
Q

How many days does the contractor have to notify the architect of an issue between the drawings and the project site?

A

21 days

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49
Q

Which delivery method involves hiring someone with constructibility and const expertise to work with the architect during the design phase?

A

Construction Management

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50
Q

what 2 elements deplete the ozone layer?

A
  • Chlorine
  • Bromine
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51
Q

Direct personal expense

(DPE)

A

Salaries and wages Attributable to a specific project, plus benefits such as employee taxes, insurance, sick leave, holidays, vacations, pensions and similar contributions and benefits.

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52
Q

What happens if there is a discrepancy between the drawings and the specifications?

A

Drawings and specifications are complimentary.

if there is a conflict, the architect should be notified, review the conflict, and issue a written clarification.

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53
Q

Division 00

Procurement and contracting requirements

A
  • requirements for bidding and contracting
  • The agreement (contract)
  • bonds and certificates
  • general conditions of the contract
  • supplementary conditions
  • Addenda
  • Modifications
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54
Q

Division 1

A

the general requirements division of the specifications that established the contractor, architect, and owner during construction.

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55
Q

Division 1

General Requirements

A
  • A Summary of the work
  • How pricing and payments will be handled
  • Alternates
  • Value analysis, special execution requirements.
  • contract modification procedures
  • unit prices, final cleaning protection of work
  • construction progress documentation
  • submittal procedures
  • Quality control, temp. facilities @ job site, product substitution procedures, owner furnished items
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56
Q

Division 2

Existing conditions

A
  • Site Remediation
  • site decontamination
  • subsurface investigation
  • surveying and selective demolition
  • other items related to existing conditions on a job site.
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57
Q

Division 3

Concrete

A

All Aspects of concrete including:

  • Forms
  • Reinforcement
  • Cast-n-place concrete
  • pre-cast concrete
  • cementitious decks and underlayment
  • grouts
  • concrete restoration and cleaning
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58
Q

Division 4

Masonry

A

All Aspects of masonry including:

  • Brick
  • Concrete block
  • Stone
  • Terracotta
  • Simulated masonry
  • Glass block
  • Masonry Restoration and cleaning.
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59
Q

Division 5

Metals

A

Includes all types of structural steel and other structural metals, ornamental metals, metal fabrications (metal stairs, ornamental ironwork, handrails, grating, metal castings, stair treads and nosings), expansion joint covers, metal restoration and cleaning

light gauge metal framing is in division 9

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60
Q

Division 6

woods, plastics, and composites

A

Typical structural wood framing, rough carpentry, finish carpentry, Architectural Woodwork. It also includes structural plastics, plastic fabrications, wood and plastic restoration and cleaning, newer plastic woods and other specialty composite materials

Casework is in division 12, furnishings.

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61
Q

Division 7

Thermal and moisture protection

A

includes Damp proofing, waterproofing, insulation, vapor retarders, air barriers, shingles, roof tiles, siding, membrane roofing, flashing, joint sealers, fire and smoke protection, and roofing specialties such as roof hatches, smoke vents, roof pavers, scuppers and gravel stops

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62
Q

Due Care

(Standard of care)

A

the requirement that a professional exercise reasonable ability and judgment in a specific circumstance. the absence of which constitutes negligence.

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63
Q

What are the 3 parts of an egress system?

A
  • Exit Access
  • Exit
  • Exit Discharge
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64
Q

Exist access doorway

A

A door or access point along the path of egress travel from an occupied room, or area or space where the path of egress enters an intervening room, corridor, unenclosed exit access stair or unenclosed exit access ramp.

65
Q

Exist court

A

A court or yard (considered part of an exit discharge) that provides access to a public way for one or more required exits.

66
Q

Exit passageway

A

An exit from a door and ground level of an interior stairway that leads through the building to an outside door.

67
Q

How many exits must a building have, as a minimum, with more than 50 occupants?

A

Two

Spaces with more than 50 occupants must have at least 2 exists.

68
Q

Express warranty

A

A legally enforceable promise made by the warrantor.

69
Q

When would you need a fast-track delivery method?

A
  • When the overall time for design and construction must be compressed.
  • This overlaps the design process with the construction process to reduce the project delivery time.
  • Requires Many Prime contracts and more coordination
70
Q

Fire assembly

A

An assembly of a fire door, fire window, or fire damper, including all required anchorage, frames, sills and hardware.

71
Q

Fire Barrier

A

a fire resistance rated verticle or horizontal assembly of materials designed to restrict the spread of fire, in which openings are protected.

Offers more protection than a fire partition.

A fire barrier is a wall assembly with more protection than a fire partition. it is a verticle or horizontal assembly that is fire resistance rated and is designed to restrict the spread of fire, confine it to limited areas, and/or afford safe passage to a protected egress. Example: exist stair towers.

72
Q

Fire door assembly

A

Any combination of a fire door, frame, hardware, and other accessories that provides a specific degree of fire protection to an opening.

73
Q

Fire Exit Hardware

A

Panic hardware that is listed for use on fire door assemblies

74
Q

Fire partition

A

Separates dwelling units in R-2 construction, separates guestrooms in R-1 construction, separates tenant spaces in covered mall buildings, and as a corridor wall. fire partitions are generally required to have a 1-hr min. rated construction. similar to fire barrier except for the requirements for support are not as strict.

A wall assembly with a 1-hour fire resistive rating that, in most cases, provides a continuous barrier from the floor to the underside of the floor or ceiling above.ex. Walls between hotel rooms are fire partitions.

75
Q

Fire Protection Rating

A

A period of time which an opening assembly such as a door or window maintains the ability to confine a fire or maintains its integrity or both when tested.

An assembly that requires a fire-protection rating must withstand fire exposure and thermal shock as with a fire resistance rating. but not heat transmission as walls, columns, and floors do.

76
Q

Fire resistance

A

the property of a material or assembly to withstand or resist the spread of fire or give protection from it.

77
Q

Fire resistance rating

A

The period of time a building component such as a wall, floor, roof, beam, or column is able to confine a fire or maintain its structural integrity or both, when tested in accordance with ASTM E119

78
Q

Fire resistance rating

A

A period of time a building component such as a wall, floor, roof, column, or beam is able to confine a fire or maintain its structural integrity or both when tested.

This is different from “fire protection rating” which involves protected opening assemblies.

79
Q

Fire Wall

A

A fire resistance rated wall that is used to separate a single structure into separate construction types

A firewall is a fire-resistance-rated wall that is used to separate a single structure into separate construction types or to provide for allowable area increases by creating what amounts to separate buildings even though they are attached. they need to have a fire-resistance rating of 2 to 4 hours and must extend continuously from the foundation through the roof.

Example: a wall separating row house units that continues through the roof to form a parapet so fire won’t spread to the next house.

80
Q

Fixed Price Method

A
81
Q

Flame resistance

A

the ability to withstand flame infringement or to give protection from it. this applies t individual materials as well as combinations of components when tested in accordance with NFPA 701

82
Q

Flame Spread

A

the propagation of flame over a surface.

83
Q

Flame Spread Index

A

The numerical value assigned to the material tested in accordance with ASTM E84

84
Q

Flammable

A

Capable of burning with a flame and subject to easy ignition and rapid Flamming Combustion

85
Q

Float

A

the extra time available for construction activity above its estimated time duration, without causing any delay in project completion.

86
Q

G-701

A

Change order

87
Q

G.M.P.

A

Guaranteed maximum price is where the servicing party is compensated for actual costs incurred plus a fixed fee subject to a ceiling or maximum price. Cost + fee is similar but does not include a ceiling price.

88
Q

G701

A

Change order

89
Q

G702

A

Application and certificate for payment

90
Q

G703

A

Continuation sheet

91
Q

G704

A

Certificate of substantial completion

92
Q

General Contract

A

the agreement between the owner and the contractor for the construction of the project.

93
Q

General liability insurance

A

Covers General incidents that could happen to any business (ex. trip & fall)

94
Q

Guaranteed maximum cost (price)

(GMP)

A

the Amount established between the owner and the contractor as the maximum cost of performing specified work.

95
Q

Guaranteed maximum price

(GMP)

A
96
Q

Horizontal Exit

A

An exit through a minimum 2-hour rated wall that divides a building into 2 or more separate exist access areas to afford safety from fire and smoke.

97
Q

If you have to coordinate w/ Owners Consultants

A

Add coordination of owners consultants to your fee

98
Q

Incentive clause

A

a clause in a cost-plus fee contract between the owner and contractor in which the savings between the GMP and the actual project cost are proportionally shared.

99
Q

What is an incidental accessory area

A
  • Cannot exceed 10% of the total floor area allowed by allowed by height/area table.
  • DOES need to be separated by a fire separation.

Example: A linen Closet on the same floor as the hotel rooms.

100
Q

incidental accessory occupancy

A
101
Q

Indirect expense

A

Overhead expense that is expense indirectly incurred and not chargeable to a specific project.

102
Q

Insurance

A

Coverage by contract (insurance policy) whereby one party (the insurance company) agrees to indemnify or reimburse another (the insured) against loss from a specified hazard.

103
Q

Labor and material payment bonds

A

Guarantees payment for material and labor by a defaulting contractor

104
Q

Labor and materials payment bond

A
105
Q

What is the maximum length of a corridor with a dead end?

A

20 feet

106
Q

Liquidated damages

A

Monies paid by the contractor to the owner for every day the project is late.

Used in a contract to protect the owner in the event that their project doesn’t finish on time and they incur costs from the project’s delay.

107
Q

Many Prime Contracts

A

Usually in Fast-Track Construction where one portion of the work needs to start before other portions of the work are even designed or ready to be priced.

108
Q

Means of egress

A

A continuous and unobstructed path of verticle and horizontal egress travel from any occupied portion of a building or structure to a public way.

Means of egress consists of 3 distinct parts:

  • the exist access
  • the exist discharge
  • the exist
109
Q

What is Mixed-use occupancy?

A

When occupancies in a building are too large to be considered incidental or accessory then the building is considered to have mixed occupancy.

110
Q

What is a model Building code developed by the international code Council? (ICC)

A

The International Building code (IBC)

111
Q

Modification

A
  • A change order
  • A construction change directive
  • A written order issued br the architect for a minor change in the work
  • a written amendment to the signed contract
112
Q

Multiple prime contracts

A

the Owner contracts seperetly with each discipline of the work

This is more difficult for the architect to coordinate.

113
Q

How often are new AIA documents Released

A

Every 10 years - on the 7

Ex. 1997, 2007, 2017, etc.

114
Q

Non-Combustible

A

Material that will not ignite and burn when subjected to a flame. IBC qualifies material as non-combustible only if it is tested in accordance with ASTM E136 or if it has a strong structural base of non-combustible material with a surfacing not more than 1/8” thick that has a flame spread index greater than 50.

115
Q

What is an occupancy group?

A

Occupancy group is the intended use of the building that will determine certain requirements for fire safety and egress, including the size of the room, size of exits, and the need for sprinklers.

116
Q

What are the Occupancy group classifications for Assembly, Educational, High Hazard, Mercantile, and Storage?

A
  • Assembly - A
  • Educational - E
  • High Hazard - H
  • Mercantile - M
  • Storage - S
117
Q

What are occupancy group classifications for Business, Factory and industrial, institutional, Residential, Utility and miscellaneous

A
  • Business - B
  • Factory and Industrial - F
  • Institutional - I
  • Residential - R
  • Utility and miscellaneous - U
118
Q

what is an occupant load?

A

The Occupant load of a building is the total number of persons that might occupy a building.

119
Q

What is an occupant load factor?

A

the amount of floor area presumed to be occupied by one person.

“Net Area” refers to the space actually used.

“Gross Area” includes all floor area: Stairs, hallways, toilets, mechanical rooms, storage and wall thickness.

120
Q

What program information should you use to determine the overall building height for a building section vignette?

A
  • Required ceiling heights for each space and each level.
  • required clearance for light fixtures in interstitial ceiling space.
  • Parapet height at the roof line
121
Q

When a contractor is selected on the basis of the bidding what is the agreement form generally used?

A

A101 - Owner-Contractor (stipulated sum)

122
Q

What is a performance code?

A

A performance code is a code that describes functional requirements that meet a certain standard, allowing the architect to find ways to meet those standards. Te open nature of the code promotes innovation. You may have to demonstrate your meeting the intent of the code by requiring a test paid for by the owner.

123
Q

Performance Specification

A

Specifications list specific results or features the materials or systems must achieve so the contractor has some choice of what material will be best to achieve those results.

For example a performance insulation spec might state that the wall must have an R-value of 19.

124
Q

What is a prescriptive code?

A

A prescriptive code is a code that specifies techniques, materials, and methods allowed for use.

Simple to administer, but the specific code allows for no innovation.

125
Q

Prescriptive specifications

A

List Specific Brand names, products, and manufacturers so the contractor knows exactly what material or product to use.

Ex. A prescriptive insulation spec might state that the insulation must be 6” fiberglass batt insulation, foil backed by Johns-Manville.

126
Q

Prescriptive specifications

A

Also called closed specifications

127
Q

Preservation

A
128
Q

Prime contract

A

The contract that is the primary relashionship.

129
Q

Product and completed operations insurance

A

Obtained by the contractor for any damages to completed work.

130
Q

Professional Liability Insurance

A

Protects an architect or firm against any claims alleging negligence, errors or omissions.

131
Q

Proforma

A

Assumed, forecasted, or informal information presented in advance of the actual or formal information.

The objective is to give a fair idea of the cash outlay for an anticipated occurrence. Proforma financial statements give an idea of how the actual statement will look if the underlying assumptions hold true.

132
Q

Project Delivery

A

Describes the entire sequence of events necessary to provide an owner wth a completed building.

133
Q

what is considered a public way?

A
  • Any street, Alley, or land that is unobstructed from the ground to the open sky that is permanently set for public use with a clear width of at least 10 feet.
  • Exit’s must discharge to a public way
134
Q

What regulatory documents affect a building design?

A
  • Building codes
  • Zoning ordinances
  • Historic Districts
  • FAA
  • Watersheds
135
Q

Rehabilitation

A
136
Q

Restoration

A
137
Q

What are typical components of shop drawings?

A
  • drawings
  • diagrams
  • schedules
  • and any other data required to show how a sub-contractor or supplier proposed to supply and install a portion of the work.
138
Q

Smoke Barrier

A

A smoke barrier is a continuous vertical or horizontal shield with a minimum fire resistance rating of 1 hour that is designed and constructed to resist movement of smoke.

139
Q

Sociofugal

A

Tends to discourage interaction or social contact

140
Q

Sociopetal

A

Tends to bring people together

141
Q

What type of specification is the term “approved Equal” most commonly found in?

A

Open proprietary specifications

142
Q

Stairway

A

one or more flights of stairs, either exterior or interior, with the necessary landings and platforms connecting them to form an uninterrupted passage from one level to another.

143
Q

Stipulated Sum

(Fixed Fee)

A
144
Q

Stipulated Sum

A

A specific amount set forth as a total payment for performance of the contract. A stipulated sum is sometimes also referred to as a lump sum or a fixed price.

145
Q

Stipulated Sum compensation is also known as what?

A

Fixed Fee or lump sum

146
Q

Subrogation

A

the right for an insurer to pursue a third party that caused an insurance loss to the insured. This is done as a means of recovering the amount of claim paid to the insured for the loss.

147
Q

Substantial completion

A

The Stage in progress of the work when the work or designated portion thereof is sufficiently complete in accordance with the contract documents so that the owner can occupy or utilize the work for its intended use.

148
Q

where are the supplementary conditions found?

A

within the A201 General conditions

149
Q

The legal concept of Agency involves who?

A

The Principal = Owner

the Agent = Architect

The third party = Contactor

The agent acts on behalf of the principal and has authority to perform certain duties.

The contractor is considered a vendor since he is supplying a specific product for a fixed price.

150
Q

Travel distance

A

the distance between the most occupied point of an area or room to the entrance of the nearest exist it serves. It is part of the exit access and it is measured along the natural and unobstructed path of egress travel.

151
Q

How is type of construction classified?

A

Type of construction is classified according to the degree of fire resistance, determined by fire zone it is located in an intended use, influences the height, floor area, and materials.

152
Q

Standard of care

A

A Legal Term defining the level of quality of service that a practitioner is expected to meet.

Defined for an individual designer as being those actions any other well-informed practitioner would have taken given the same level of knowledge, in the same situation. It is a relative measure, not an absolute.

153
Q

LEED

A

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design

Developed by the U.S. Green building Council (USGBC)

LEED is not intended to be a code. it is a voluntary program w/ ratings.

154
Q

NFPA-70

A

National Electric Code (NEC)

155
Q

NFPA-13

A

Standard for installation of sprinkler systems

156
Q

Life safety code

A
  • Specialized code
  • NFPA-101
  • Published by national fire protection association
  • Serves as a basis for egress provisions.
157
Q

What is the difference between a code and a standard?

A

A code is what you must do; A Standard is a guide on how you do it.

A Building code establishes requirements relative to occupants health, safety, and welfare.

A Standard (i.e. NFPA 13) is a “Standard practice” often referred to within the codes.

158
Q

Damp Proofing

A

Moisture control that is applied to building walls and floor to prevent moisture from passing through them into the interior spaces.

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