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English study skills > Study skills - Samuelson 3 (1) > Flashcards

Study skills - Samuelson 3 (1) Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q
  • faster or greater activity, development, progress, advancement, etc.
A

accelerated

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2
Q
  • an additional benefit, esp. the amount by which the value of an article is increased at some stage of its production; also called value added
A

added value

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3
Q
  • to speak or write in favor of; support or urge by argument; recommend publicly
A

advocate

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4
Q
  • equipment
A

apparel

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5
Q
  • Something valuable that an entity owns, benefits from, or has use of, in generating income.
A

asset

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6
Q
  • anything built or serving to bar passage, as a railing, fence, or the like / anything that restrains or obstructs progress, access, etc.
A

barrier

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7
Q
  • the application of the natural sciences, especially the biological and physiological sciences, to clinical medicine
A

biomedicine

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8
Q
  • Financial market consisting of bond issuers, underwriters, buyers, and brokers/dealers.
A

bond market

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9
Q
  • goods or cargo not in packages or boxes, usually transported in large volume, as grain, coal, or petroleum
A

bulk

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10
Q
  • the movement of money for the purpose of investment, trade or business production
A

capital flow

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11
Q
  • the effect, result, or outcome of something occurring earlier / an act or instance of following something as an effect, result, or outcome / the conclusion reached by a line of reasoning / importance or significance:
A

consequence

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12
Q
  • the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value
A

consumption

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13
Q
  • harmful or undesirable contact or influence
A

contagion

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14
Q
  • to give (money, time, knowledge, assistance, etc.) to a common supply, fund, etc., as for charitable purposes
A

contribute to

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15
Q
  • coming together of distinct and separate factors or phenomenon such as technologies
A

convergence

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16
Q
  • The process of looking for, finding and removing unwarranted expenses from a business to increase profits without having a negative impact on product quality. Many business managers will engage in periodic cost reduction drives in order to make their company’s operation more efficient and to boost profits.
A

cost reduction

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17
Q
  • a downward movement, as of prices or population; diminution
A

decline

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18
Q
  • to be a mark or sign of; indicate / to be a name or designation for; mean / to represent by a symbol; stand as a symbol for
A

denote

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19
Q
  • or concentrate on a particular pursuit, occupation, purpose, cause, etc.
A

devote

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20
Q
  • putting out of place
A

dislocation

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21
Q
  • to disassemble or pull down; take apart
A

dismantle

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22
Q
  • to move or put out of the usual or proper place
A

displace

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23
Q

-an outbreak of disorder; a breach of public peace

A

disturbance

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24
Q
  • one of the parts into which a thing is divided; section.
A

division

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25
Q
  • indigenous to or produced or made within one’s own country; not foreign; native
A

domestic

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26
Q
  • proof
A

evidence

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27
Q
  • the quality of growing profusely; luxuriance
A

exuberance

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28
Q
  • the management of revenues; the conduct or transaction of money matters generally, especially those affecting the public, as in the fields of banking and investment
A

finance

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29
Q
  • A document (such as a check, draft, bond, share, bill of exchange, futures or options contract) that has a monetary value or represents a legally enforceable (binding) agreement between two or more parties regarding a right to payment of money. See also debt instrument, equity instrument, and financing instrument.
A

financial instrument

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30
Q
  • Market for sale and purchase of stocks (shares), bonds, bills of exchange, commodities, futures and options, foreign currency, etc., which work as exchanges for capital and credit.
A

financial market

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31
Q
  • a part as distinct from the whole of anything; portion or section
A

fraction

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32
Q
  • to get (something desired), especially as a result of one’s efforts / to acquire as an increase or addition / to obtain as a profit
A

gain

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33
Q
  • articles of trade; wares; merchandise
A

goods

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34
Q
  • buying and selling of goods and services
A

goods market

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35
Q
  • A measurement of the distribution of income that highlights the gap between individuals or households making most of the income in a given country and those making very little.
A

income inequality

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36
Q
  • to come into or acquire (some consequence, usually undesirable or injurious) / to become liable or subject to through one’s own action; bring or take upon oneself
A

incur

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37
Q
  • the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay
A

innovation

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38
Q
  • to cover, line, or separate with a material that prevents or reduces the passage, transfer, or leakage of heat, electricity, or sound / to place in an isolated situation or condition; segregate.
A

insulate

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39
Q
  • an act or instance of combining into an integral whole / an act or instance of integrating a racial, religious, or ethnic group / an act or instance of integrating an organization, place of business, school, etc
A

integration

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40
Q
  • the annualized cost of credit or debt-capital computed as the percentage ratio of interest to the principal
A

interest rate

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41
Q
  • a point in question or a matter that is in dispute, as between contending parties in an action at law / a point, matter, or dispute, the decision of which is of special or public importance: the political issues/ a point the decision of which determines a matter
A

issue

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42
Q
  • productive activity, especially for the sake of economic gain
A

labo(u)r

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43
Q
  • the sum of all wages paid to employees, as well as the cost of employee benefits and payroll taxes paid by an employer. The cost of labor is broken into direct and indirect costs.
A

labo(u)r cost

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44
Q
  • to take charge or care of / to handle, direct, govern, or control in action or use
A

manage

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45
Q
  • production
A

output

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46
Q
  • a rate of movement, especially in stepping, walking, etc. / a rate of activity, progress, growth, performance, etc.; tempo
A

pace

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47
Q
  • a person responsible for making policy, especially in government.
A

policymaker

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48
Q
  • a person who creates economic value, or produces goods and services
A

producer

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49
Q
  • Mechanical or chemical steps used to create an object, usually repeated to create multiple units of the same item. Generally involves the use of raw materials, machinery and manpower to create a product.
A

production process

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50
Q
  • Governmental policy aimed at shielding a fragile economy, or a weak or critical sector, from cheaper or better imports through imposition of high duty rates (tariff barriers), quotas, and/or inordinately stringent or time consuming inspection or quality regulations (non-tariff barriers). All countries practice protectionism in one form or another but, generally, without going to any extreme.
A

protectionism

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51
Q
  • Proportionate share or part, such as a sales quota. / Limitation on the quantity that must not be exceeded, such as an import quota.
A

quota

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52
Q
  • Limitations which cannot be exceeded or rules which cannot be broken. These can be either explicit or implicit.
A

restrictions

53
Q
  • Difference between a risk-free return (such as from government bonds) and the total return from a risky investment (such as equity stock).
A

risk premium

54
Q
  • The portion of disposable income not spent on consumption of consumer goods but accumulated or invested directly in capital equipment or in paying off a home mortgage, or indirectly through purchase of securities.
A

savings

55
Q
  • something beneath, behind, or within which a person, animal, or thing is protected from storms, missiles, adverse conditions, etc.; refuge
A

shelter

56
Q
  • to put or take on board a ship or other means of transportation; to send or transport by ship, rail, truck, plane, etc
A

ship

57
Q
  • any effect of a drug, chemical, or other medicine that is in addition to its intended effect, especially an effect that is harmful or unpleasant / any accompanying or consequential and usually detrimental effect
A

side effect

58
Q
  • the alteration or breakdown of social life, often in a community setting
A

social disruption

59
Q

-something that gives comfort, consolation, or relief

A

solace

60
Q
  • a place where shares are bought and sold, i.e. a stock exchange
A

stock market

61
Q
  • Entire network of entities, directly or indirectly interlinked and interdependent in serving the same consumer or customer. It comprises of vendors that supply raw material, producers who convert the material into products, warehouses that store, distribution centers that deliver to the retailers, and retailers who bring the product to the ultimate user.
A

supply chain

62
Q
  • an official list or table showing the duties or customs imposed by a government on imports or exports / the schedule or system of duties so imposed
A

tariff

63
Q
  • Commercial transaction involving the sale and purchase of a good, service, or information.
A

trade

64
Q
  • to become active; activate
A

trigger

65
Q

accelerated

A
  • faster or greater activity, development, progress, advancement, etc.
66
Q

added value

A
  • an additional benefit, esp. the amount by which the value of an article is increased at some stage of its production; also called value added
67
Q

advocate

A
  • to speak or write in favor of; support or urge by argument; recommend publicly
68
Q

apparel

A
  • equipment
69
Q

asset

A
  • Something valuable that an entity owns, benefits from, or has use of, in generating income.
70
Q

barrier

A
  • anything built or serving to bar passage, as a railing, fence, or the like / anything that restrains or obstructs progress, access, etc.
71
Q

biomedicine

A
  • the application of the natural sciences, especially the biological and physiological sciences, to clinical medicine
72
Q

bond market

A
  • Financial market consisting of bond issuers, underwriters, buyers, and brokers/dealers.
73
Q

bulk

A
  • goods or cargo not in packages or boxes, usually transported in large volume, as grain, coal, or petroleum
74
Q

capital flow

A
  • the movement of money for the purpose of investment, trade or business production
75
Q

consequence

A
  • the effect, result, or outcome of something occurring earlier / an act or instance of following something as an effect, result, or outcome / the conclusion reached by a line of reasoning / importance or significance:
76
Q

consumption

A
  • the using up of goods and services having an exchangeable value
77
Q

contagion

A
  • harmful or undesirable contact or influence
78
Q

contribute to

A
  • to give (money, time, knowledge, assistance, etc.) to a common supply, fund, etc., as for charitable purposes
79
Q

convergence

A
  • coming together of distinct and separate factors or phenomenon such as technologies
80
Q

cost reduction

A
  • The process of looking for, finding and removing unwarranted expenses from a business to increase profits without having a negative impact on product quality. Many business managers will engage in periodic cost reduction drives in order to make their company’s operation more efficient and to boost profits.
81
Q

decline

A
  • a downward movement, as of prices or population; diminution
82
Q

denote

A
  • to be a mark or sign of; indicate / to be a name or designation for; mean / to represent by a symbol; stand as a symbol for
83
Q

devote

A
  • or concentrate on a particular pursuit, occupation, purpose, cause, etc.
84
Q

dislocation

A
  • putting out of place
85
Q

dismantle

A
  • to disassemble or pull down; take apart
86
Q

displace

A
  • to move or put out of the usual or proper place
87
Q

disturbance

A

-an outbreak of disorder; a breach of public peace

88
Q

division

A
  • one of the parts into which a thing is divided; section.
89
Q

domestic

A
  • indigenous to or produced or made within one’s own country; not foreign; native
90
Q

evidence

A
  • proof
91
Q

exuberance

A
  • the quality of growing profusely; luxuriance
92
Q

finance

A
  • the management of revenues; the conduct or transaction of money matters generally, especially those affecting the public, as in the fields of banking and investment
93
Q

financial instrument

A
  • A document (such as a check, draft, bond, share, bill of exchange, futures or options contract) that has a monetary value or represents a legally enforceable (binding) agreement between two or more parties regarding a right to payment of money. See also debt instrument, equity instrument, and financing instrument.
94
Q

financial market

A
  • Market for sale and purchase of stocks (shares), bonds, bills of exchange, commodities, futures and options, foreign currency, etc., which work as exchanges for capital and credit.
95
Q

fraction

A
  • a part as distinct from the whole of anything; portion or section
96
Q

gain

A
  • to get (something desired), especially as a result of one’s efforts / to acquire as an increase or addition / to obtain as a profit
97
Q

goods

A
  • articles of trade; wares; merchandise
98
Q

goods market

A
  • buying and selling of goods and services
99
Q

income inequality

A
  • A measurement of the distribution of income that highlights the gap between individuals or households making most of the income in a given country and those making very little.
100
Q

incur

A
  • to come into or acquire (some consequence, usually undesirable or injurious) / to become liable or subject to through one’s own action; bring or take upon oneself
101
Q

innovation

A
  • the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay
102
Q

insulate

A
  • to cover, line, or separate with a material that prevents or reduces the passage, transfer, or leakage of heat, electricity, or sound / to place in an isolated situation or condition; segregate.
103
Q

integration

A
  • an act or instance of combining into an integral whole / an act or instance of integrating a racial, religious, or ethnic group / an act or instance of integrating an organization, place of business, school, etc
104
Q

interest rate

A
  • the annualized cost of credit or debt-capital computed as the percentage ratio of interest to the principal
105
Q

issue

A
  • a point in question or a matter that is in dispute, as between contending parties in an action at law / a point, matter, or dispute, the decision of which is of special or public importance: the political issues/ a point the decision of which determines a matter
106
Q

labo(u)r

A
  • productive activity, especially for the sake of economic gain
107
Q

labo(u)r cost

A
  • the sum of all wages paid to employees, as well as the cost of employee benefits and payroll taxes paid by an employer. The cost of labor is broken into direct and indirect costs.
108
Q

manage

A
  • to take charge or care of / to handle, direct, govern, or control in action or use
109
Q

output

A
  • production
110
Q

pace

A
  • a rate of movement, especially in stepping, walking, etc. / a rate of activity, progress, growth, performance, etc.; tempo
111
Q

policymaker

A
  • a person responsible for making policy, especially in government.
112
Q

producer

A
  • a person who creates economic value, or produces goods and services
113
Q

production process

A
  • Mechanical or chemical steps used to create an object, usually repeated to create multiple units of the same item. Generally involves the use of raw materials, machinery and manpower to create a product.
114
Q

protectionism

A
  • Governmental policy aimed at shielding a fragile economy, or a weak or critical sector, from cheaper or better imports through imposition of high duty rates (tariff barriers), quotas, and/or inordinately stringent or time consuming inspection or quality regulations (non-tariff barriers). All countries practice protectionism in one form or another but, generally, without going to any extreme.
115
Q

quota

A
  • Proportionate share or part, such as a sales quota. / Limitation on the quantity that must not be exceeded, such as an import quota.
116
Q

restrictions

A
  • Limitations which cannot be exceeded or rules which cannot be broken. These can be either explicit or implicit.
117
Q

risk premium

A
  • Difference between a risk-free return (such as from government bonds) and the total return from a risky investment (such as equity stock).
118
Q

savings

A
  • The portion of disposable income not spent on consumption of consumer goods but accumulated or invested directly in capital equipment or in paying off a home mortgage, or indirectly through purchase of securities.
119
Q

shelter

A
  • something beneath, behind, or within which a person, animal, or thing is protected from storms, missiles, adverse conditions, etc.; refuge
120
Q

ship

A
  • to put or take on board a ship or other means of transportation; to send or transport by ship, rail, truck, plane, etc
121
Q

side effect

A
  • any effect of a drug, chemical, or other medicine that is in addition to its intended effect, especially an effect that is harmful or unpleasant / any accompanying or consequential and usually detrimental effect
122
Q

social disruption

A
  • the alteration or breakdown of social life, often in a community setting
123
Q

solace

A

-something that gives comfort, consolation, or relief

124
Q

stock market

A
  • a place where shares are bought and sold, i.e. a stock exchange
125
Q

supply chain

A
  • Entire network of entities, directly or indirectly interlinked and interdependent in serving the same consumer or customer. It comprises of vendors that supply raw material, producers who convert the material into products, warehouses that store, distribution centers that deliver to the retailers, and retailers who bring the product to the ultimate user.
126
Q

tariff

A
  • an official list or table showing the duties or customs imposed by a government on imports or exports / the schedule or system of duties so imposed
127
Q

trade

A
  • Commercial transaction involving the sale and purchase of a good, service, or information.
128
Q

trigger

A
  • to become active; activate

English study skills (3 decks)

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