Study Session 1 Flashcards
Name 3 extracellular appendages.
- Flagellum
- Fimbriae
- Conjugation Pili
What is the function of Flagellum
Aids in movement. Receptors for attractants.
What is the function of fimbriae
Also known as pili. Smaller protein fibers that meant for adhesion. Adhere on surface that it wants to stay on.
Ex. UTI particular bacteria have a “p”
Which extracellular appendage is specific to the type of host it will adhere to?
Fimbriae
Conjugation Pili
Longer protein that will help stick one bacteria cell to another. Helps exchange genetic material with other bacteria.
Describe the process of chemotaxis. Be as specific as possible.
There is a “biased-random walk”. Stop, tumble, go in a different direction.
What are the two types of Glycocalyx? Similarities and differences?
1) Capsule- tightly wrapped. Close association of carbs and proteins around a bacterial cell. Adds resistance to antibiotics, physical harm.
2) Slime Layer- Loose association. Used for adherence. Keeps it wet, not dry.
What is a glycocalyx?
A glycocalyx is a carbohydrate layer with some proteins in it that surround the outside of the cell.
What is a Biofilm? Describe the characteristics that make biofilms resilient to most physical and chemical treatments.
Community of bacteria stuck together in glycocalyx layer. Catheter related infection. Antibiotics cannot penetrate well.
What type of microbe makes endospores?
Bacteria
What type of microbe makes cysts?
Protists
What aspects of cells do Eukaryotes have that Prokaryotes do not?
- Lysosomes
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Nucleus
What is the cell wall of Prokaryotes made of?
peptidoglycan layer and alternating nag and nam. Helps against lysis
What type of communities do groups of Fungi create?
Hyphae
Name the two types of Hyphae:
Fungi
1) septated (septum plate between)
2) non septated (multi-nucleated cells)
Name the different classes of Protozoans.
1) Flagulates
2) Ciliates
3) Amoebas
4) Sporozoans
What is the major difference between Fungi and Protozoans? Major similarities?
Difference–> Most protist cells are mobile, so they do not form bio-communities. Fungi also have a cell wall of chitin that protists do not have.
Similarities–> both Eukaryotes
Other than plants, what are the only Eukaryotes that have a cell wall?
Fungi
What are the classes of viruses and name that structures that compromise each.
1) enveloped- membraned studded with glycoproteins that surrounds nucleocapsid
2) Naked- only have nucleocapsid and genetic material
3) Complex- bacteriophages. Viruses that infect bacteria. Inject genetic material in.
In what ways can viral genomes be “diverse”?
They an be DNA or RNA. Influenza (segmented RNA genome) that allows for recombination of those segment. Why we get a new influenza vaccine every year.
Double stranded DNA, single stranded.
Single or double stranded RNA.
They can basically use any type of genetic material and make it work.
What type of virus ell does cell mediated endocytosis?
A naked cell. Virus brought in through vesicle. Then leaves.
What type of virus cell does fusion?
Enveloped. Enveloped fuses with membrane. Nucleocapsid then goes on to do whatever it wants.
envelope stays with membrane, nucleocapsid goes on to do whatever.
FUSION
Membrane goes with it
ENDOCYTOSIS
What type of virus does budding?
enveloped
