Study Session 1

Question 1

Name 3 extracellular appendages.

Answer 1

1. Flagellum
2. Fimbriae
3. Conjugation Pili

Question 2

What is the function of Flagellum

Answer 2

Aids in movement. Receptors for attractants.

Question 3

What is the function of fimbriae

Answer 3

Also known as pili. Smaller protein fibers that meant for adhesion. Adhere on surface that it wants to stay on.

Ex. UTI particular bacteria have a “p”

Question 4

Which extracellular appendage is specific to the type of host it will adhere to?

Answer 4

Fimbriae

Question 5

Conjugation Pili

Answer 5

Longer protein that will help stick one bacteria cell to another. Helps exchange genetic material with other bacteria.

Question 6

Describe the process of chemotaxis. Be as specific as possible.

Answer 6

There is a “biased-random walk”. Stop, tumble, go in a different direction.

Question 7

What are the two types of Glycocalyx? Similarities and differences?

Answer 7

1) Capsule- tightly wrapped. Close association of carbs and proteins around a bacterial cell. Adds resistance to antibiotics, physical harm.
2) Slime Layer- Loose association. Used for adherence. Keeps it wet, not dry.

Question 8

What is a glycocalyx?

Answer 8

A glycocalyx is a carbohydrate layer with some proteins in it that surround the outside of the cell.

Question 9

What is a Biofilm? Describe the characteristics that make biofilms resilient to most physical and chemical treatments.

Answer 9

Community of bacteria stuck together in glycocalyx layer. Catheter related infection. Antibiotics cannot penetrate well.

Question 10

What type of microbe makes endospores?

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

What type of microbe makes cysts?

Answer 11

Protists

Question 12

What aspects of cells do Eukaryotes have that Prokaryotes do not?

Answer 12

• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi Apparatus
• Nucleus

Question 13

What is the cell wall of Prokaryotes made of?

Answer 13

peptidoglycan layer and alternating nag and nam. Helps against lysis

Question 14

What type of communities do groups of Fungi create?

Answer 14

Hyphae

Question 15

Name the two types of Hyphae:

Answer 15

Fungi

1) septated (septum plate between)
2) non septated (multi-nucleated cells)

Question 16

Name the different classes of Protozoans.

Answer 16

1) Flagulates
2) Ciliates
3) Amoebas
4) Sporozoans

Question 17

What is the major difference between Fungi and Protozoans? Major similarities?

Answer 17

Difference–> Most protist cells are mobile, so they do not form bio-communities. Fungi also have a cell wall of chitin that protists do not have.

Similarities–> both Eukaryotes

Question 18

Other than plants, what are the only Eukaryotes that have a cell wall?

Answer 18

Fungi

Question 19

What are the classes of viruses and name that structures that compromise each.

Answer 19

1) enveloped- membraned studded with glycoproteins that surrounds nucleocapsid
2) Naked- only have nucleocapsid and genetic material
3) Complex- bacteriophages. Viruses that infect bacteria. Inject genetic material in.

Question 20

In what ways can viral genomes be “diverse”?

Answer 20

They an be DNA or RNA. Influenza (segmented RNA genome) that allows for recombination of those segment. Why we get a new influenza vaccine every year.

Double stranded DNA, single stranded.
Single or double stranded RNA.

They can basically use any type of genetic material and make it work.

Question 21

What type of virus ell does cell mediated endocytosis?

Answer 21

A naked cell. Virus brought in through vesicle. Then leaves.

Question 22

What type of virus cell does fusion?

Answer 22

Enveloped. Enveloped fuses with membrane. Nucleocapsid then goes on to do whatever it wants.

Question 23

envelope stays with membrane, nucleocapsid goes on to do whatever.

Answer 23

FUSION

Question 24

Membrane goes with it

Answer 24

ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 25

What type of virus does budding?

Answer 25

enveloped