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study review Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

atrial emptying w/ opening of tricuspid valve (S2)

A

y wave

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2
Q

passive atrial filling

A

v wave

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3
Q

decreased movement of tricuspid x/ vent contraction

A

x1

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4
Q

atrial relaxation

A

x

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5
Q

tricuspid wave

A

c

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6
Q

atrial contraction (giant __ wave= vol overload or R. sided failure)

A

a wave

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7
Q

friction rub is seen in

A

pericarditis

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8
Q

marker of inflammation/cv dz

A

CrP

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9
Q

precursur for atherosclerosis/vitamin B def

A

homocysteine levels

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10
Q

mid systolic click and population

A

mvp - slender women

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11
Q

s1

A

systole; AV valves closing

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12
Q

s2

A

diastole; Semilunar valves closing

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13
Q

physiologic split of S2

A

normal; delayed interval b/w A2 and P2 during inspiration

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14
Q

pathologic split of s2

A

widened gap b/w A2P2; AS and MR

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15
Q

S3 vs S4

A

s3- rapid ventricular filling– MR LVF

s4- atrial contraction – stiff wall AS

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16
Q

opening snap

A

seen in MS- diastole

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17
Q

Ejection clicks

A

systole; AS

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18
Q

Friction rubs/to and fro murmur

A

Peridcarditis

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19
Q

bicuspid valve congenital, degenerative changes and or rheumatic heart dz type of murmur

A

AS

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20
Q

has a TRIAD of angina syncope and dyspnea

A

AS

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21
Q

has a diamond shaped crescendo decrescendo

A

AS

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22
Q

has a paradoxical split of S2 with pulsus parvus and tardus

A

AS

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23
Q

congenital dz; asx until R side HF; affect JVD

A

pulmonic stenosis

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24
Q

flat, blowing holosystolic murmur

A

mitral regurgitation

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25
Q

murmur etiology MVP most common

A

mitral regurgitation

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26
Q

where do you see osler nodes, janeway lesions, or roth spots

A

signs associated with endocarditis and IVDA; Tricuspid regurg

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27
Q

murmur with Ebstein anoaly

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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28
Q

mid to late systolic ejection CLICK

A

MVP

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29
Q

what is the most common heart valve abnlity

A

MVP

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30
Q

where is barlows syndrome mostly seen in

A

slender women

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31
Q

what iincreases venous return in MVP

A

valsalva, NO, and standing (opposite of the rest)

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32
Q

murmur with widely split FIXED S2 not varying with respirations

A

Atrial septal Defect

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33
Q

what is crochetage sign and whre is it seen

A

Atrial Septal Defect: notching of peak of R wave in inferior leads

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34
Q

water hammer pulse and what murmur has this

A

AR; wide pulse pressure with forceful arterial pulse

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35
Q

Traubes sign where and what

A

AR; pistol shot bruit over femoral pulse

36
Q

Corrigans pulse

A

unusually large carotid pulsation; in AR

37
Q

where is Quinckes sign seen and what is it

A

AR and pulsatile blanching and red fingernails

38
Q

where is an Austin flint murmur seen

A

Aortic Regurgitation

39
Q

where is a De mussets sign seen

A

AR – head bobbing caused by carotid pulsations

40
Q

mullers sign

A

pulsatile bobbing of the uvula (AR)

41
Q

durozeiz’s sign

A

to and fro murmur over femoral artery heard best with mild pressure (AR)

42
Q

what is ortners syndrome and whhere is it seen

A

Mitral stenosis; hoarsness due to pinching of laryngeal nerve

43
Q

opening snap w loud (crisp) S1

A

Mitral stenosis

44
Q

an apical low pitched diastolic rumble with puslus alternans and bisferiens pulse

A

Austin Flint– seen in AR

45
Q

machinery murmur

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

46
Q

an abnml connection between arteries and veins

A

Arteriovenous Malformation

47
Q

a musical whirling resolved by turning childs neck

A

Venous hum

48
Q

___ can lead to Patent Formane Ovale if not sealed `

A

Atrial Septal Defect

49
Q

4 acyanotic congenital heart diseases

A

atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect*
patent ductus arteriosus
coarctation of the Aorta

50
Q

4 cyanotic congenital heart diseases

A

eisenmenger’s syndrome
ebstein anomaly
pulmonic valve stenosis
tetralogy of Fallot

51
Q

what is the most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

52
Q

high pitched hrsh holosystolic murmur with thrill

A

Centricular septal defect

53
Q

which is most common in downs

A

VSD

54
Q

loud continous machinery murmur

A

patent ductus arteriouss

55
Q

where does the coarctation of aorta occur

A

distal to L subclavian vein

56
Q

most common extracardiac abnl in Coac of aorta

A

aneurysm of the circle of willis (stroke)

57
Q

where is rib notching with a fig 3 pattern heard/seen

A

coac of aorta

58
Q

atrializing r ventricle is known as

A

ebsteins anomaly

59
Q

bisferins pulse

A

AR and HOCM

60
Q

a retrograde flow from a chamber of high pressure to a chamber of lower pressure is known as

A

holosystolic murmur

61
Q

crescendo decrescendo b/w S1 and S2

A

AS

62
Q

harsh, high pitch @ S1; crescendo-decrescendo

A

Pulmonic stenosis

63
Q

where does pulmonic stenosis radiate

A

left shoulder

64
Q

signs and symptoms of JVD, RVH, edema and increased liver

A

pulmonic stenosis

65
Q

harsh, holosystolic, flat, murmur

A

mitral regurgitation

66
Q

what increases with valsalva

A

MR, MVP, hocm

67
Q

what increases in the left lateral decubitus

A

MR, MS***

68
Q

fatigue, orthopnea, a-fib, DOE sx

A

MR

69
Q

possible inferior wall MI is in what murmur

A

MR

70
Q

myxomatous dz

A

seen in MVP

- degeneration of valves

71
Q

palpitations, anxiety, lightheaded sx w arryth/a-fib

A

MVP

72
Q

where is MR or MVP best heard

A

apex

73
Q

a blowing, holosystolic murmur

A

tricuspid regurgitation

74
Q

sx of of pain in abdomen and vascular congestion is indicative of

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

75
Q

how can you differentiate b/w MR and TR

A

Carvallos sign– inspiration – TR murmur

76
Q

abdominal hepatojugular reflux, edema and ascites

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

77
Q

high pitch, soft blow, early diastolic crescendo

A

Aortic regurgitation

78
Q

dissection aneurysm leading to rupture can be a cause of

A

aortic regurgitation

79
Q

symptom of wide pulse presssure

A

AR

80
Q

to and fro murmur

A

AR

81
Q

austin flint in

A

AR

82
Q

pulsus bifirens

A

AR

83
Q

low frequency decrescendo, rumbling mid diastolic murmur

A

MS

84
Q

which murmur accentuates a wave

A

MS

85
Q

six P’s

A 
pain
pallor
paresthesia
pulselessness
paralysis
poikothermia
86
Q

sounds loudest at base

A

S2

87
Q

sound loudest at apex

A

S1

cms- cardio (2 decks)

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