study review Flashcards
atrial emptying w/ opening of tricuspid valve (S2)
y wave
passive atrial filling
v wave
decreased movement of tricuspid x/ vent contraction
x1
atrial relaxation
x
tricuspid wave
c
atrial contraction (giant __ wave= vol overload or R. sided failure)
a wave
friction rub is seen in
pericarditis
marker of inflammation/cv dz
CrP
precursur for atherosclerosis/vitamin B def
homocysteine levels
mid systolic click and population
mvp - slender women
s1
systole; AV valves closing
s2
diastole; Semilunar valves closing
physiologic split of S2
normal; delayed interval b/w A2 and P2 during inspiration
pathologic split of s2
widened gap b/w A2P2; AS and MR
S3 vs S4
s3- rapid ventricular filling– MR LVF
s4- atrial contraction – stiff wall AS
opening snap
seen in MS- diastole
Ejection clicks
systole; AS
Friction rubs/to and fro murmur
Peridcarditis
bicuspid valve congenital, degenerative changes and or rheumatic heart dz type of murmur
AS
has a TRIAD of angina syncope and dyspnea
AS
has a diamond shaped crescendo decrescendo
AS
has a paradoxical split of S2 with pulsus parvus and tardus
AS
congenital dz; asx until R side HF; affect JVD
pulmonic stenosis
flat, blowing holosystolic murmur
mitral regurgitation
murmur etiology MVP most common
mitral regurgitation
where do you see osler nodes, janeway lesions, or roth spots
signs associated with endocarditis and IVDA; Tricuspid regurg
murmur with Ebstein anoaly
tricuspid regurgitation
mid to late systolic ejection CLICK
MVP
what is the most common heart valve abnlity
MVP
where is barlows syndrome mostly seen in
slender women
what iincreases venous return in MVP
valsalva, NO, and standing (opposite of the rest)
murmur with widely split FIXED S2 not varying with respirations
Atrial septal Defect
what is crochetage sign and whre is it seen
Atrial Septal Defect: notching of peak of R wave in inferior leads
water hammer pulse and what murmur has this
AR; wide pulse pressure with forceful arterial pulse
Traubes sign where and what
AR; pistol shot bruit over femoral pulse
Corrigans pulse
unusually large carotid pulsation; in AR
where is Quinckes sign seen and what is it
AR and pulsatile blanching and red fingernails
where is an Austin flint murmur seen
Aortic Regurgitation
where is a De mussets sign seen
AR – head bobbing caused by carotid pulsations
mullers sign
pulsatile bobbing of the uvula (AR)
durozeiz’s sign
to and fro murmur over femoral artery heard best with mild pressure (AR)
what is ortners syndrome and whhere is it seen
Mitral stenosis; hoarsness due to pinching of laryngeal nerve
opening snap w loud (crisp) S1
Mitral stenosis
an apical low pitched diastolic rumble with puslus alternans and bisferiens pulse
Austin Flint– seen in AR
machinery murmur
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
an abnml connection between arteries and veins
Arteriovenous Malformation
a musical whirling resolved by turning childs neck
Venous hum
___ can lead to Patent Formane Ovale if not sealed `
Atrial Septal Defect
4 acyanotic congenital heart diseases
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect*
patent ductus arteriosus
coarctation of the Aorta
4 cyanotic congenital heart diseases
eisenmenger’s syndrome
ebstein anomaly
pulmonic valve stenosis
tetralogy of Fallot
what is the most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion?
Tetralogy of Fallot
high pitched hrsh holosystolic murmur with thrill
Centricular septal defect
which is most common in downs
VSD
loud continous machinery murmur
patent ductus arteriouss
where does the coarctation of aorta occur
distal to L subclavian vein
most common extracardiac abnl in Coac of aorta
aneurysm of the circle of willis (stroke)
where is rib notching with a fig 3 pattern heard/seen
coac of aorta
atrializing r ventricle is known as
ebsteins anomaly
bisferins pulse
AR and HOCM
a retrograde flow from a chamber of high pressure to a chamber of lower pressure is known as
holosystolic murmur
crescendo decrescendo b/w S1 and S2
AS
harsh, high pitch @ S1; crescendo-decrescendo
Pulmonic stenosis
where does pulmonic stenosis radiate
left shoulder
signs and symptoms of JVD, RVH, edema and increased liver
pulmonic stenosis
harsh, holosystolic, flat, murmur
mitral regurgitation
what increases with valsalva
MR, MVP, hocm
what increases in the left lateral decubitus
MR, MS***
fatigue, orthopnea, a-fib, DOE sx
MR
possible inferior wall MI is in what murmur
MR
myxomatous dz
seen in MVP
- degeneration of valves
palpitations, anxiety, lightheaded sx w arryth/a-fib
MVP
where is MR or MVP best heard
apex
a blowing, holosystolic murmur
tricuspid regurgitation
sx of of pain in abdomen and vascular congestion is indicative of
Tricuspid regurgitation
how can you differentiate b/w MR and TR
Carvallos sign– inspiration – TR murmur
abdominal hepatojugular reflux, edema and ascites
Tricuspid regurgitation
high pitch, soft blow, early diastolic crescendo
Aortic regurgitation
dissection aneurysm leading to rupture can be a cause of
aortic regurgitation
symptom of wide pulse presssure
AR
to and fro murmur
AR
austin flint in
AR
pulsus bifirens
AR
low frequency decrescendo, rumbling mid diastolic murmur
MS
which murmur accentuates a wave
MS
six P’s
pain pallor paresthesia pulselessness paralysis poikothermia
sounds loudest at base
S2
sound loudest at apex
S1
