study questions from Payton Flashcards
The AV valves include…
Tricuspid and Mitral valves
Period in which cardiac muscle cannot respond to any stimulation
Absolute refractory period
Intrinsic rate of AV valve
40-60 bpm
The pericordial leads include
V1-V6
when the heart contracts as a result of stimulation by cells other than those in the SA node
Ectopic beat or Ectopy
Generalized seizures involving the entire body; grand mal seizures
Tonic-clonic seizures
A pt who recently had influenza is now complaining of paralysis to their lower legs. you suspect
Gulliain Barre syndrome
Paralysis of the face muscles caused by inflammation of the facial nerve
Bells palsy
This triad of changes occurs when the brain herniates. What is this triad called and what are the three characteristics?
Cushings triad. Slowed irregular respirations, Bradycardia, and Increased SBP
Seizure that begins within one hemisphere of the brain. Previously called partial seizure.
Focal onset seizure
Difference between DKA and HHNS
DKA-Ketones in urine and acidosis. HHNS-Ketones are absent and less acidosis
Excessive thyroid activity that causes a goiter and exophthalmos
Graves disease
This metabolic disorder is caused by a deficiency in ADH and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia
Diabetes Insipidus
This disorder is caused by a deficiency of corticosteroids produces by adrenal cortex
Addison’s disease
Inflammation of the liver caused by infection drugs or alchohol
Hepatitis
Bacterial infection of the endocardium
Endocarditis
This infections produces symptoms of fever, headache, nausea, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity
Meningitis
A pt experiencing high levels of corticosteroids, has a moon face, weight gain, buffalo hump and thinning hair has this syndrome
Cushings syndrome
This virus is transmitted through blood bodily fluids or mucous membranes and is present until death
HIV
Sigs and symptoms of this disease include cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue and hemoptysis
Tuberculosis
A pt complaining of very loose, bloody stools following antibiotic therapy may have
C Diff
This infection of the upper airways, common in peds, causes fever, rhinorrhea and seal-like cough
Croup
Acute Viral infection of the CNS that causes hydrophobia
Rabies
This STD which can be transmitted from mother to baby during birth is a leading cause of preventable blindness
Chlamydia
Common in pediatrics causes violent coughing episodes producing a high pitched “Whoop”
Pertussis
Sensory neurons are…
Afferent neurons. Transmit impulses from parts of the body TO the spinal cord and brain. Touch. light and sound
Motor neurons are…
Efferent Neurons. Transmit impulses FROM the brain to muscles and tissue to stimulate contraction
Interneurons
Connect neurons-conduct impulses from sensory to motor neurons
Efferent=EXIT
Transmit impulses FROM the brain/spinal cord to muscles and tissues to stimulate contaction
Afferent=ARRIVE
Transmit impulses TO the brain/spinal cord from different parts of the body. Sight, smell, touch (from skin to brain, sight from eyes to brain, smell from nose to brain)
Which axons conduct action potentials faster? Myelinated or unmyelinated?
Myelinated
Explain why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster
In myelinated axons, the interruptions in the sheath (nodes of Ranvier) allow impulses to jump from node to node and spread faster
Name some well known neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Dopamine
What is the Monroe Kellie Doctine?
Means that the intracranial vault is made up of 80% brain, 10% blood, and 10% CSF. Any increase or decrease in any of the three will cause a change in the other two.
Blood consists of what three components?
Platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells
