study questions from Payton

Question 1

The AV valves include…

Answer 1

Tricuspid and Mitral valves

Question 2

Period in which cardiac muscle cannot respond to any stimulation

Answer 2

Absolute refractory period

Question 3

Intrinsic rate of AV valve

Answer 3

40-60 bpm

Question 4

The pericordial leads include

Answer 4

V1-V6

Question 5

when the heart contracts as a result of stimulation by cells other than those in the SA node

Answer 5

Ectopic beat or Ectopy

Question 6

Generalized seizures involving the entire body; grand mal seizures

Answer 6

Tonic-clonic seizures

Question 7

A pt who recently had influenza is now complaining of paralysis to their lower legs. you suspect

Answer 7

Gulliain Barre syndrome

Question 8

Paralysis of the face muscles caused by inflammation of the facial nerve

Answer 8

Bells palsy

Question 9

This triad of changes occurs when the brain herniates. What is this triad called and what are the three characteristics?

Answer 9

Cushings triad. Slowed irregular respirations, Bradycardia, and Increased SBP

Question 10

Seizure that begins within one hemisphere of the brain. Previously called partial seizure.

Answer 10

Focal onset seizure

Question 11

Difference between DKA and HHNS

Answer 11

DKA-Ketones in urine and acidosis. HHNS-Ketones are absent and less acidosis

Question 12

Excessive thyroid activity that causes a goiter and exophthalmos

Answer 12

Graves disease

Question 13

This metabolic disorder is caused by a deficiency in ADH and is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia

Answer 13

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 14

This disorder is caused by a deficiency of corticosteroids produces by adrenal cortex

Answer 14

Addison’s disease

Question 15

Inflammation of the liver caused by infection drugs or alchohol

Answer 15

Hepatitis

Question 16

Bacterial infection of the endocardium

Answer 16

Endocarditis

Question 17

This infections produces symptoms of fever, headache, nausea, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity

Answer 17

Meningitis

Question 18

A pt experiencing high levels of corticosteroids, has a moon face, weight gain, buffalo hump and thinning hair has this syndrome

Answer 18

Cushings syndrome

Question 19

This virus is transmitted through blood bodily fluids or mucous membranes and is present until death

Answer 19

HIV

Question 20

Sigs and symptoms of this disease include cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue and hemoptysis

Answer 20

Tuberculosis

Question 21

A pt complaining of very loose, bloody stools following antibiotic therapy may have

Answer 21

C Diff

Question 22

This infection of the upper airways, common in peds, causes fever, rhinorrhea and seal-like cough

Answer 22

Croup

Question 23

Acute Viral infection of the CNS that causes hydrophobia

Answer 23

Rabies

Question 24

This STD which can be transmitted from mother to baby during birth is a leading cause of preventable blindness

Answer 24

Chlamydia

Question 25

Common in pediatrics causes violent coughing episodes producing a high pitched “Whoop”

Answer 25

Pertussis

Question 26

Sensory neurons are…

Answer 26

Afferent neurons. Transmit impulses from parts of the body TO the spinal cord and brain. Touch. light and sound

Question 27

Motor neurons are…

Answer 27

Efferent Neurons. Transmit impulses FROM the brain to muscles and tissue to stimulate contraction

Question 28

Interneurons

Answer 28

Connect neurons-conduct impulses from sensory to motor neurons

Question 29

Efferent=EXIT

Answer 29

Transmit impulses FROM the brain/spinal cord to muscles and tissues to stimulate contaction

Question 30

Afferent=ARRIVE

Answer 30

Transmit impulses TO the brain/spinal cord from different parts of the body. Sight, smell, touch (from skin to brain, sight from eyes to brain, smell from nose to brain)

Question 31

Which axons conduct action potentials faster? Myelinated or unmyelinated?

Answer 31

Myelinated

Question 32

Explain why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster

Answer 32

In myelinated axons, the interruptions in the sheath (nodes of Ranvier) allow impulses to jump from node to node and spread faster

Question 33

Name some well known neurotransmitters

Answer 33

Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Dopamine

Question 34

What is the Monroe Kellie Doctine?

Answer 34

Means that the intracranial vault is made up of 80% brain, 10% blood, and 10% CSF. Any increase or decrease in any of the three will cause a change in the other two.

Question 35

Blood consists of what three components?

Answer 35

Platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells