STUDY QUESTIONS Flashcards
The type of nephron responsible for renal
concentration is the:
A. Cortical
**B. Juxtaglomerular
C. Efferent
D. Afferent
The function of the peritubular capillaries is:
A. Reabsorption
B. Filtration
C. Secretion
**D. Both A and C
Blood flows through the nephron in the
following order
Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole,
peritubular capillaries, vasa recta
Filtration of protein is prevented in the
glomerulus by:
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Oncotic pressure
C. Renin
**D. The glomerular filtration barrier
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
is responsible for all of the following except:
**A. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
B. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
C. Reabsorbing sodium
D. Releasing aldosterone
The primary chemical affected by the
renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system is:
A. Chloride
**B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Hydrogen
Secretion of renin is stimulated by
A. Juxtaglomerular cells
B. Angiotensin I and II
**C. Macula densa cells
D. Circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme
The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:
A. Hydrogen ion secretion
B. Potassium secretion
C. Chloride retention
**D. Sodium retention
The fluid leaving the glomerulus has a
specific gravity of:
A. 1.005
**B. 1.010
C. 1.015
D. 1.020
For active transport to occur, a chemical
must:
**A. Combine with a carrier protein to create
electrochemical energy
B. Be filtered through the proximal convoluted
tubule
C. Be in higher concentration in the filtrate
than in the blood
D. Be in higher concentration in the blood than
in the filtrate
Which of the tubules is impermeable to
water?
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Descending loop of Henle
**C. Ascending loop of Henle
D. Distal convoluted tubule
Glucose will appear in the urine when the:
A. Blood level of glucose is 200 mg/dL
B. Tm for glucose is reached
C. Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
**D. All of the above
Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the
countercurrent mechanism depends on all of
the following except:
A. High salt concentration in the medulla
B. Water-impermeable walls of the ascending
loop of Henle
C. Reabsorption of sodium and chloride from
the ascending loop of Henle
**D. Reabsorption of water in the descending
loop of Henle
ADH regulates the final urine concentration
by controlling:
A. Active reabsorption of sodium
**B. Tubular permeability
C. Passive reabsorption of urea
D. Passive reabsorption of chloride
Decreased production of ADH:
A. Produces a low volume of urine
**B. Produces a high volume of urine
C. Increases excretion of ammonia
D. Affects active transport of sodium
Bicarbonate ions filtered by the glomerulus
are returned to the blood:
A. In the proximal convoluted tubule
B. Combined with hydrogen ions
C. By tubular secretion
**D. All of the above
If ammonia is not produced by the distal
convoluted tubule, the urine pH will be:
A. Acidic
**B. Basic
C. Hypothenuric
D. Hypersthenuric
Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous
- beta2-microglobulin
B
Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous
- creatinine
B
Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous
- cystatin C
B
Place the appropriate letter in front of the
following clearance substances:
A. Exogenous
B. Endogenous
- 125I-iothalmate
A
The largest source of error in creatinine
clearance tests is:
A. Secretion of creatinine
**B. Improperly timed urine specimens
C. Refrigeration of the urine
D. Time of collecting blood specimen
Given the following information, calculate
the creatinine clearance:
24-hour urine volume: 1000 mL; serum
creatinine:
2.0 mg/dL; urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL
**69 mL/min
Clearance tests used to determine the
glomerular
filtration rate must measure substances that
are
A. Not filtered by the glomerulus
B. Completely reabsorbed by the proximal
convoluted
tubule
C. Secreted in the distal convoluted tubule
**D. Neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the
tubules
Performing a clearance test using
radionucleotides:
A. Eliminates the need to collect urine
B. Does not require an infusion
C. Provides visualization of the filtration
**D. Both A and C
Variables that are included in the
MDRD-IDSM estimated calculations of
creatinine clearance include all
of the following except:
A. Serum creatinine
B. Weight
C. Age
**D. Gender
An advantage to using cystatin C to
monitor GFR is that:
A. It does not require urine collection
B. It is not secreted by the tubules
C. It can be measured by immunoassay
**D. All of the above
Solute dissolved in solvent will:
A. Raise the vapor pressure
B. Lower the boiling point
C. Decrease the osmotic pressure
**D. Lower the freezing point
Substances that may interfere with
freezing-point measurement of urine and
serum osmolarity include all of the following
except:
A. Ethanol
B. Lactic acid
**C. Sodium
D. Lipids
Clinical osmometers use NaCl as a
reference solution because:
**A. 1 g molecular weight of NaCl will lower the
freezing point 1.86°C
B. NaCl is readily frozen
C. NaCl is partially ionized, similar to the
composition of urine
D. 1 g equivalent weight of NaCl will raise the
freezing point 1.86°C
The normal serum osmolarity is:
A. 50 to 100 mOsm
**B. 275 to 300 mOsm
C. 400 to 500 mOsm
D. 3 times the urine osmolarity
After controlled fluid intake, the
urine-to-serum osmolarity ratio should be at
least:
A. 1:1
B. 2:1
**C. 3:1
D. 4:1
To provide an accurate measure of renal
blood flow, a test substance should be
completely
A. Filtered by the glomerulus
B. Reabsorbed by the tubules
C. Secreted when it reaches the distal
convoluted tubule
**D. Cleared on each contact with functional
renal tissue
Given the following data, calculate the
effective renal plasma flow:
72 mg/min
Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by
the:
A. Production of excessively acidic urine due
to increased filtration of hydrogen ions
**B. Production of excessively acidic urine due
to increased secretion of hydrogen ions
C. Inability to produce an acidic urine due to
impaired production of ammonia
D. Inability to produce an acidic urine due to
increased production of ammonia
Tests performed to detect renal tubular
acidosis after administering an ammonium
chloride load include all of the following
except:
A. Urine ammonia
**B. Arterial pH
C. Urine pH
D. Titratable acidity
