Study of Settlements

Question 1

What is a settlement

Answer 1

A group of people living day to day in an area with buildings, communication networks & functions

Question 2

What is a site

Answer 2

The actual piece of land a settlement is found on

Question 3

Name 8 Factors when choosing a site for Rural Settlement

Answer 3

• Available water
• Arable/fertile land
• Grazing for livestock
• flat land (gradient)
• Building materials
• Fuel (eg wood from forest)
• Sunny north facing slope
• nearby transport

Question 4

What is situation

Answer 4

The settlement relating to its surrounding environment

Question 5

Name 4 factors when choosing a situation for rural settlement

Answer 5

• above flood line away from river
• north facing for warmth
• in thermal belt for warmer nighttime temps
• next to road for accessiblilty

Question 6

What are the 2 classifications of Settlements

Answer 6

Rural & Urban

Question 7

What is the difference between Rural & Urban Settlements

Answer 7

Rural - unifunctional (mainly primary activities)

Urban - multifunctional (both secondary & tertiary)

Question 8

What are the functions of a Rural Settlement

Answer 8

Farming, fishing, forestry, & minining (supply urban areas with food & raw material)

Question 9

What is the function of an Urban Settlement

Answer 9

Perform services needed by rural areas (manufacturing & distribution of goods)

Question 10

Give 3 examples of a Rural Settlement

Answer 10

Farmstead, Hamlet, Villages

Question 11

Give 5 examples of an Urban Settlement

Answer 11

Town, City, Metropolis, Conurbation, Megalopolis

Question 12

Give an example of a megalopolis

Answer 12

New York City and surrounding areas including Long Island are an example of a megalopolis

Question 13

How are settlements classified

Answer 13

From smallest to largest

Question 14

What is a Farmstead

Answer 14

A single farm & outbuildings (some distance from nearest neighbour)

Question 15

What is a RuralHamlet

Answer 15

A loose group of a few farmsteads (mostly found in Europe)

Question 16

What is a Village

Answer 16

A denser group of many farmsteads (around a church / store)

Question 17

What is a Town

Answer 17

A densely populated urban area eg Beaufort West / Harrismith (Street plan & market centre evident)

Question 18

What is a City

Answer 18

A large town where many people live, & work with industrial, residential & transport functions eg PE

Question 19

What is a Metropolis

Answer 19

A large city surrounded by independent towns (eg Cape Town with Bellville & Kuils River

Question 20

What is a Conurbation

Answer 20

A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area e.g Witwatersrand

Question 21

What is a Megalopolis

Answer 21

A megalopolis, sometimes called a megapolis; also megaregion, or supercity, is typically defined as a group of two or more roughly adjacent metropolitan areas, which may be somewhat separated or may merge into a continuous urban region e.g Boston, New York & Washington

Question 22

What are the 2 main patterns of settlements

Answer 22

Dispersed (Isolated) & Nucleated (Clustered)

Question 23

What is a Dispersed Settlement

Answer 23

Buildings are located far apart from one another (Rurals settlements are dispersed0

Question 24

What is a Nucleated Settlement

Answer 24

Buildings are grouped close to one another - (All urban and some rural have this pattern)

Question 25

Name 3 Advantages of Nucleated Settlements

Answer 25

- more interaction with people - safer (due to more people) - sharing of ideas & cost of tools

Question 26

Name 3 Disadvantages of Nucleated Settlements

Answer 26

- not enough privacy - have to share profits - cant use tools when want to

Question 27

Name 3 Advantages of Dispersed settlements

Answer 27

- more privacy - make own decisions - all profit your own

Question 28

Name 3 disadvantages of Dispersed Settlements

Answer 28

- not enough interaction with people (isolated) - have to pay for all costs yourself - Not as safe (far from people)

Question 29

What 7 factors affect location of a Rural Settlement

Answer 29

- Water - Relief - Soil - Rock type - Climate - Available resources - Transport

Question 30

What is the difference between a wet & dry point site in Rural Settlements

Answer 30

Wet point site - found in dry/water scarce area, people move closer to water Dry Point site - Area experiencing frequent floos, people move away from water

Question 31

Give 4 examples of available resources for Rural Settlements

Answer 31

- minerals (eg diamonds at Kimberley) - fertile soil for farming - fishing - forestry

Question 32

When does a Dispersed farming pattern develop in Rural Settlements (4)

Answer 32

- When there are many water sources - Land is flat & can accommodate large farm - Land is fertile - It is safe

Question 33

When does a Nucleated farming pattern develop in Rural Settlements (3)

Answer 33

- Water is scarce, people settle closer around the water - land is mountainous, people cluster together on small farms where there is available flat land - land is fertile and can support many farms

Question 34

What are the 4 basic shapes of settlements

Answer 34

- Round - Linear (line) - T-Shape - Crossroad

Question 35

Where do each of the settlement shape develop

Answer 35

Round - around a central area eg Church, Lake Linear - along a road or river T-Shaped - at a T-Junction of roads Crossroad - where roads intersect

Question 36

Name 2 different types of land uses in rural settlements

Answer 36

- Farming & Forestry | - Ecotourism, hunting & fishing

Question 37

Name 5 types of Farming

Answer 37

- Arable Farming (cultivating soil to grow crops) - Pastoral Farming (rearing livestock) - Mixed Farming (combining crop & livestock) - Orchards & Vineyards (fruit trees & grapes) - Plantation farming (growing trees)

Question 38

What is the difference between subsistence & commercial farming

Answer 38

Subsistence - to provide food for your family | Commercial - to produce cash crops to be sold

Question 39

What is monoculture farming

Answer 39

When farmers grow only one crop

Question 40

What is rural urban migration

Answer 40

Movement of people from rural to urban areas

Question 41

What are the 2 factors causing rural urban migration

Answer 41

Push & Pull factors

Question 42

What is the difference between push & pull factors

Answer 42

Push factors - factors causing people to move away from rural areas Pull factors - factors attracting people to urban areas

Question 43

Name 5 Push factors causing rural urban migration

Answer 43

- Fewer jobs on farms (mechanisation & consolidation) - Droughts - Soil erosion - HIV/Aids - Too many people to support (small farm)

Question 44

Name 4 Pull factors causing rural urban migration

Answer 44

- more varied employment opportunities in cities - better facilities - schools, hospitals etc - regular income - bright lights, clubs, shopping centres etc

Question 45

Name 5 consequences in Rural Areas of rural urban migration

Answer 45

- Neglected/abandoned farms - Villages / country towns decline (fewer farmers to support them) - fewer jobs - ageing population (mainly old people as youngsters moved to cities) - less productive farms

Question 46

Name 5 consequences in Urban area of rural urban migration

Answer 46

- Employment shortages - Insufficient housing leading to homelessness & more informal settlements - infrastructure overload in cities (due to more people) - sewage / water/ roads - Crime increases due to unemployment - Land pollution increases near informal settlements

Question 47

What is "New Ruralism"

Answer 47

The trend where people tired of city life congestion & pollution move to rural areas for peace, space and privacy

Question 48

What is counter-urbanisation

Answer 48

A form of new ruralism where people from city move into areas just outside of urban areas