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Geography Grade 12 > Study of Settlements > Flashcards

Study of Settlements Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a settlement

A

A group of people living day to day in an area with buildings, communication networks & functions

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2
Q

What is a site

A

The actual piece of land a settlement is found on

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3
Q

Name 8 Factors when choosing a site for Rural Settlement

A
  • Available water
  • Arable/fertile land
  • Grazing for livestock
  • flat land (gradient)
  • Building materials
  • Fuel (eg wood from forest)
  • Sunny north facing slope
  • nearby transport
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4
Q

What is situation

A

The settlement relating to its surrounding environment

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5
Q

Name 4 factors when choosing a situation for rural settlement

A
  • above flood line away from river
  • north facing for warmth
  • in thermal belt for warmer nighttime temps
  • next to road for accessiblilty
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6
Q

What are the 2 classifications of Settlements

A

Rural & Urban

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7
Q

What is the difference between Rural & Urban Settlements

A

Rural - unifunctional (mainly primary activities)

Urban - multifunctional (both secondary & tertiary)

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8
Q

What are the functions of a Rural Settlement

A

Farming, fishing, forestry, & minining (supply urban areas with food & raw material)

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9
Q

What is the function of an Urban Settlement

A

Perform services needed by rural areas (manufacturing & distribution of goods)

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10
Q

Give 3 examples of a Rural Settlement

A

Farmstead, Hamlet, Villages

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11
Q

Give 5 examples of an Urban Settlement

A

Town, City, Metropolis, Conurbation, Megalopolis

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12
Q

Give an example of a megalopolis

A

New York City and surrounding areas including Long Island are an example of a megalopolis

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13
Q

How are settlements classified

A

From smallest to largest

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14
Q

What is a Farmstead

A

A single farm & outbuildings (some distance from nearest neighbour)

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15
Q

What is a RuralHamlet

A

A loose group of a few farmsteads (mostly found in Europe)

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16
Q

What is a Village

A

A denser group of many farmsteads (around a church / store)

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17
Q

What is a Town

A

A densely populated urban area eg Beaufort West / Harrismith (Street plan & market centre evident)

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18
Q

What is a City

A

A large town where many people live, & work with industrial, residential & transport functions eg PE

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19
Q

What is a Metropolis

A

A large city surrounded by independent towns (eg Cape Town with Bellville & Kuils River

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20
Q

What is a Conurbation

A

A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area e.g Witwatersrand

21
Q

What is a Megalopolis

A

A megalopolis, sometimes called a megapolis; also megaregion, or supercity, is typically defined as a group of two or more roughly adjacent metropolitan areas, which may be somewhat separated or may merge into a continuous urban region e.g Boston, New York & Washington

22
Q

What are the 2 main patterns of settlements

A

Dispersed (Isolated) & Nucleated (Clustered)

23
Q

What is a Dispersed Settlement

A

Buildings are located far apart from one another (Rurals settlements are dispersed0

24
Q

What is a Nucleated Settlement

A

Buildings are grouped close to one another - (All urban and some rural have this pattern)

25
Q

Name 3 Advantages of Nucleated Settlements

A
  • more interaction with people
  • safer (due to more people)
  • sharing of ideas & cost of tools
26
Q

Name 3 Disadvantages of Nucleated Settlements

A
  • not enough privacy
  • have to share profits
  • cant use tools when want to
27
Q

Name 3 Advantages of Dispersed settlements

A
  • more privacy
  • make own decisions
  • all profit your own
28
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of Dispersed Settlements

A
  • not enough interaction with people (isolated)
  • have to pay for all costs yourself
  • Not as safe (far from people)
29
Q

What 7 factors affect location of a Rural Settlement

A
  • Water
  • Relief
  • Soil
  • Rock type
  • Climate
  • Available resources
  • Transport
30
Q

What is the difference between a wet & dry point site in Rural Settlements

A

Wet point site - found in dry/water scarce area, people move closer to water
Dry Point site - Area experiencing frequent floos, people move away from water

31
Q

Give 4 examples of available resources for Rural Settlements

A
  • minerals (eg diamonds at Kimberley)
  • fertile soil for farming
  • fishing
  • forestry
32
Q

When does a Dispersed farming pattern develop in Rural Settlements (4)

A
  • When there are many water sources
  • Land is flat & can accommodate large farm
  • Land is fertile
  • It is safe
33
Q

When does a Nucleated farming pattern develop in Rural Settlements (3)

A
  • Water is scarce, people settle closer around the water
  • land is mountainous, people cluster together on small farms where there is available flat land
  • land is fertile and can support many farms
34
Q

What are the 4 basic shapes of settlements

A
  • Round
  • Linear (line)
  • T-Shape
  • Crossroad
35
Q

Where do each of the settlement shape develop

A

Round - around a central area eg Church, Lake
Linear - along a road or river
T-Shaped - at a T-Junction of roads
Crossroad - where roads intersect

36
Q

Name 2 different types of land uses in rural settlements

A
  • Farming & Forestry

- Ecotourism, hunting & fishing

37
Q

Name 5 types of Farming

A
  • Arable Farming (cultivating soil to grow crops)
  • Pastoral Farming (rearing livestock)
  • Mixed Farming (combining crop & livestock)
  • Orchards & Vineyards (fruit trees & grapes)
  • Plantation farming (growing trees)
38
Q

What is the difference between subsistence & commercial farming

A

Subsistence - to provide food for your family

Commercial - to produce cash crops to be sold

39
Q

What is monoculture farming

A

When farmers grow only one crop

40
Q

What is rural urban migration

A

Movement of people from rural to urban areas

41
Q

What are the 2 factors causing rural urban migration

A

Push & Pull factors

42
Q

What is the difference between push & pull factors

A

Push factors - factors causing people to move away from rural areas
Pull factors - factors attracting people to urban areas

43
Q

Name 5 Push factors causing rural urban migration

A
  • Fewer jobs on farms (mechanisation & consolidation)
  • Droughts
  • Soil erosion
  • HIV/Aids
  • Too many people to support (small farm)
44
Q

Name 4 Pull factors causing rural urban migration

A
  • more varied employment opportunities in cities
  • better facilities - schools, hospitals etc
  • regular income
  • bright lights, clubs, shopping centres etc
45
Q

Name 5 consequences in Rural Areas of rural urban migration

A
  • Neglected/abandoned farms
  • Villages / country towns decline (fewer farmers to support them)
  • fewer jobs
  • ageing population (mainly old people as youngsters moved to cities)
  • less productive farms
46
Q

Name 5 consequences in Urban area of rural urban migration

A
  • Employment shortages
  • Insufficient housing leading to homelessness & more informal settlements
  • infrastructure overload in cities (due to more people) - sewage / water/ roads
  • Crime increases due to unemployment
  • Land pollution increases near informal settlements
47
Q

What is “New Ruralism”

A

The trend where people tired of city life congestion & pollution move to rural areas for peace, space and privacy

48
Q

What is counter-urbanisation

A

A form of new ruralism where people from city move into areas just outside of urban areas

Geography Grade 12 (1 decks)

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