STUDY ME Flashcards
Naval Doctrine
COWLIP
- command��
- operations
- warfare��
- logistics��
- intelligence
- planning��
Principles of Naval Logistics
SERF ASS Simplicicity Economy Responsiviness Flexiblitity Atainability Sustainability Survivability
MISHAP Classification Class A:
cost / injury / disability?
(1m or more / Fatality / permanent / total disability)
MISHAP Classification Class B:
cost / injury / disability?
(200k less than 1m / permanent / partial disability — three or more hospilitized)
MISHAP Classification Class C:
cost / injury / disability?
(20k less than 200k / None fatal injury)
Hazard Severity (CAT I) Persons / Naval System?
Death / grave damage to Naval System / Loss
Hazard Severity (CAT II) Persons / Naval System?
May cause severe injury / damage to Naval System
Hazard Severity (CAT III) Persons / Naval System?
Minor injury / damage to naval system
Hazard Severity (CAT IV) Persons / Naval System?
minimal threat
What is a Hazard Severity
An assessment of the worst credible consequence that can occur as a result of a hazard
What is Mishap Probability
The probability that a hazard will result in mishap based on assessment of some factors
Sub CAT “A”
when will it occur?
Likely to occur immediately or within short time
Sub CAT “B”
when will it occur?
Probability will occur in time
Sub CAT “C”
when will it occur?
May occur
Sub CAT “D”
when will it occur?
Unlikely to occur
What is Risk Assessment Codes (RAC’s)
It combines the element of Hazard Severity and Mishap Probability (in a grid)
- Critical Risk
- Serious Risk
- Moderate
- Minor
- Negotiable
What is ORM
Operational Risk Management
What are the Steps of ORM
I AM IS... Identify Assess Make risk decisions Implement controls Supervise
What is OPSEC
Operational Security
5 Attributes of Information Assurance
CIANA Confidentiality integrity availability non-repudiation Authentication
Information Operation (IO) Core Capabilities
Offensive & Defensive
- Psychological operations
- Military deception
- Operational Security
- Computer Network operations
- Electronic warfare
Meteorology teams
- Mine warfare UUV platoon
- Naval Oceanography ASW Team (NOAT)
- Strike Group Oceanography Team (SGOT)
- Mobile Environmental Team (MOE)
- Fleet Survey Team (FST)
Objectives of First Aid
- Maintain Breathing
- Stop bleeding
- Prevent farther injury
SITREP
Situational Report
- OPREP 3 Navy Pinnacle (national Lvl interest)
- OPREP 3 Navy Blue (High Navy Interest , CNO)
6 PURPOSES OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE CG CV P EO PF CA
- Identifying Centers of Gravity
- Identifying Critical Vulnerabilities
- Supporting Planning
- Execution of Operations
- Protecting the Force
- Supporting Combat Assessment
6 steps of intelligence
planning directing collection processing production dissemination
NAME THE STEPS: INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF BATTLE SPACE (IPB)
- Define Battlespace Environment (area of operation)
- Describe Battlespace’s Effects (physical characteristics on friendly & adversary capabilities)
- Evaluate the Threat (adversary capability & vulnerabilities)
- Determine the Course of Action
It is the systematic & continuous analysis of adversary, terrain & weather in the assigned or potential battlespace.
INTELLIGENCE PREPARATION OF BATTLE SPACE (IPB)
MISSION OF THE NAVY
- Maintain, train, equip combat-ready Naval Forces capable of winning wars
- Deter aggressions
- Maintain freedom of the sea
It is a layout pattern of interconnection of various elements in a network.
Tropology
Elements of tropology
- Bus (each machine is connected to a single cable)
- Star (all machines connected to a central hub)
- Ring (data travels around the ring in one direction. Each device acts as a repeater)
- Mesh (value of a fully meshed network is proportional to exponent number of subscribers. Reed’s Law
Name three Navy Networks
- NIPRNET (sensitive but unclassified)
- SIPRNET (up to secret)
- JWICS (top secret)
CLASSIFICATION COLOR CODES
- SCI: Yellow
- Top Secret: Orange
- Secret: Red
- Confidential: Blue
- Unclassified: Green
TRANSPORT OF CLASSIFIED MATERIAL
DCS: Defense Courier Service (Not to exceed 300lbs or specific dimensions/items will be addressed with standard DCS two item line/no classification info on outer wrapper)
-Hand Carry: Only in continental US when other methods are deemed impractical/no intermediate stops.
CHARACTERS OF WAVE
Wavelength
Frequency
Altitude
What is the wavelength formula?
Wavelength = Velocity/Frequency
It is the “physical space” occupied by one cycle in a given time
Wavelength
What is frequency?
“number of cycles” in a given time
It is the strength or power of a signal
amplitude
It is the ability to impress intelligence upon a transmission medium.
Modulation
What are the transmission mediums of modulation
Carrier Wave (CW) Alternating Amplitude (AM) Alternating Frequency(FM) SSB: Single Side Band USB: Upper Side Band LSB: Lower Side Band
*SSB avoids bandwidth doubling & power waste. The other side is a mirror image that can be cut & produced later.
What is a Carrier Wave?
Carrier Wave (CW)
- Continuous Wave
- is switched on/off, key/Morse Code/RF
5 THINGS THAT AFFECT PROPAGATION
(RADAR)
Movement through a medium
-Reflection
-Absorption
-Diffraction (bending of signal around something or spreading a wave by passing it through an opening or aperture)
-Attenuation (weakening of signal)
-Refraction (change of direction moving through a medium)
INFOCON
- INFOCON 5: Normal Readiness
- INFOCON 4: Increased
- INFOCON 3: Enhanced
- INFOCON 2: Greater
- INFOCON 1: Maximum
ATMOSPHERIC LAYERS
- Troposphere (clouds & weather affect radio waves)
- Stratosphere (middle layer, little to no effect on radio waves)
- Ionosphere (act as propagation to electromagnetic wave)
IONOSPHERE LAYER
- Only E & F2 layers exist day & night*
1. D Layer (lowest layer/only during day, disappears at night)
2. E Layer (after D/exists day & night)
3. F1 Layer (only day)
4. F2 Layer (day & night)
THREATCON & FP LEVEL
- FPCON Normal
- FPCON Alpha: Small threat, not predictable
- FPCON Bravo: Somewhat predictable
- FPCON Charlie: Imminent attack
- FPCON Delta: Attack taking place or just occurred
EMERGENCY DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE (EDP)
- Priority 1: Destroy yellow, orange, crypto label (SCI/TS/COMSEC)
- Priority 2: Destroy with/after Pri 1,(Secret-red label)
- Priority 3: Destroy with/after Pri 2 (Confidential-blue label)
- Priority 4: Destroy last if condition permits & resources available (Sensitive & FOUO-green label
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
- Simplex: Data transfer in single direction, eg TV
- Full-Duplex: Bidirectional simultaneous, eg phone
- Half-Duplex: Bidirectional, non-simultaneous, eg walkie-talkie
What is RADAR?
Radio Detection and Ranging
Types of Radar
- Air Search
- Surface Search/Navigation Search
- Fire Control (3 phases)
- Designation Phase
- Acquisition Phase
- Tracking Phase
What’s a CLUTTER?
Unwanted echoes in RADAR
-Ground & Sea Clutter
Types of Radio Waves
- Sky Waves: Reflected from Ionosphere
- Ground Waves: Near earth
- Surface Waves: Along surface of ground
- Space Wave:
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
Pitch
Intensity
Quality
It is the frequency rate of the wave.
HINT: one of the characteristics of sound
Pitch
It is the amplitude of the wave.
HINT: one of the characteristics of sound
Intensity
A characteristic of sound that depends on the form of the wave.
Quality
NAVY OCEANOGRAPHY PORTAL (NOP)
- Earth Orientation Products
- GPS Products
- VLBI Products (Very Long Baseline Interferometry)
- Astronomy Products
- Oceanography
- Ice
FUNNEL CLOUDS
Develop during thunderstorms. Columns of swirling air, when rotating winds become strong enough, funnel will touch down. 2 types:
- Tornado (touched land)
- Waterspout (over bodies of water
TROPICAL CYCLONE
Storm characterized by large, low pressure center, thunderstorm that produces strong winds & heavy rains
Low pressure center, winds less than 38MPH
Tropical Depression
Differentiate Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoon
Wind storm of at least 74MPH, have an “eye” which is an area with calm winds & no clouds
- Hurricane: Atlantic & Easten Pacific
- Cyclone: Indian Ocean & Australia (southern hemisphere)
- Typhoon: West Pacific & Asia
BREAKER TYPES
Types of breaking water (waves):
- Spilling (gradual break)
- Plunging (violent break)
- Surging (goes on beach)
TIDES
- Ebb (outgoing/receding)
- Flood (overflow & submerge land)
- High Tide (water risen to its highest level)
- Low Tide (water lowered to its lowest level)
CURRENTS
- Open Ocean (created by wind)
- Littoral (parallel to shoreline)
- Rip (finds an exit and returns to ocean)
OCEAN THERMAL LAYER
- Mixed: Top
- Thermocline: Middle, thin, temp change rapidly
- Deep: Bottom, 1000 fathoms
TRANSMISSION OF SOUND IN OCEAN
Aids/Inhibitors:
- Temperature ( higher temp = faster sound)
- Pressure (More pressure/depth = faster sound)
- Salinity
ENVIRONMENT AFFECT FOLLOWING WARFARE AREAS
- Anti-Submarine
- Naval Special Warfare
- Mine Warfare
- Air Defense
- Humanitarian
- Chemical, Biological, Nuclear (dispersion by weather)
- Information Warfare
EFFECTS OF ATMOSPHERE ON RADAR BEAM
- Standard Refraction
- Super Refraction (target appears higher than normal)
- Sub-Refraction (RADAR overshoots target)
TROPICAL CYCLONE CONDITIONS OF READINESS (COR)
- COR 5 (destructive weather not anticipated within 72hrs, set during hurricane season)
- COR 4 (wind in excess of 50MPH, within 72hrs)
- COR 3 (wind in excess of 50MPH, within 48hrs)
- COR 2 (wind in excess of 50MPH, within 24hrs)
- COR 1 (wind in excess of 50MPH, within 12hrs)
- Base CO sets COR.
EARTH ORBITS
- Low Earth Orbit (LEO)/environmental
- Medium Earth Orbit (MEO, covers N & S Poles)
- High Elliptical Orbit (MOLNIYA)/longer at N Pole
- Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO)/Best/24hrs/surveillance/not in polar)
- Polar Orbit (Imagery satellite/covers whole earth
SPACE LAUNCH FACILITIES
- Wallops Island, VA
- Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA
- Kennedy Space Center, FL
MESSAGE PRECEDENCE
- R-Routine
- P-Priority
- O-Immediate
- Z-Flash
- W-Flash Override
COMPONENTS OF NAVY MESSAGE
- Preamble
- Text
- Postamble
Note: DTG: DDHHMMZ MON YY
271545 Z FEB08
MILITARY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
- ADNS (Automated Digital Network System)
- CUDIXS (Common User Digital Information Exchange System)
- VERDIN (for submarines LF-VLF)
- NOVA (store & FWD switching)
- IBS (Integrated Broadcast System)
- INMARSAT: International Maritime Satellite
What’s DMS?
Defense Messaging System
What is NREMS?
Navy Regional Enterprise Messaging System
What is AMHS?
Automated message handling system
What is VTC?
Video Teleconferencing
- Video conferencing
What is DCO?
Defense Control Online
BREVITY CODES
- GINGERBREAD: Voice Imitative Deception is suspected on the net/It is joint Brevity. All stations may be required to switch the net.
- BEAD WINDOW: EEFI disclosure has or may have occurred over the net. Response will be “ROGER OUT”
- TEMPEST: Code name for investigation & studying compromising emissions (CI)
RIVERCITY
It is a type of EMCON & is used to control outgoing emissions from ships system for OPSEC & Force Protection.
- River City 4 (Least Restrictive)
- River City 3 (Restricted Access)
- River City 2 ( More Restrictive/VIP visits)
- River City 1 (More Restrictive)
TYPES OF SCIF
- SCIF: Permanent
- TSCIF: Temporary. For operations no longer than 40 Hours per month. Will not store SCI. Access to people with SECRET clearance
QUALITY OF NAVY/MARINE CORPS
- Readiness
- Flexibility
- Self-Sustainability
- Mobility
THREE LEVELS OF WAR
- Tactical
- Operational
- Strategic
Explain: COMSEC INFOSEC COMSEC COMPUSEC
- COMSEC: Communication Security
- COMPUSEC: Computer Security
- INFOSEC: Replaced both COMSEC & COMPUSEC when they merged into INFOSEC. Now been replaced by Information Assurance.
- Information Assurance: replaced INFOSEC. It protects Information systems.
ATFP/RAM/FPCON/ICD
- ATFP: Antiterrorism Force Protection
- RAM: Random Antiterrorism Measures.
- FPCON: Force Protection Conditions.
- ICD: Intelligence Community Directives. Delegates responsible to Deputy Director of NI, establishes a system of IC Directives
EKMS/OTAR/OTAT
• EKMS: Electronic Key Management system. To ensure proper issuing, accounting, handling, safeguarding, destruction of COMSEC. CO is responsible for any CMS onboard.
• OTAR: Over-The -Air-Rekey
• OTAT: Over-The -Air-Transfer.
Note: Both allow crypto systems to get new updated key via secure communication circuit. Reduce distribution of physical keying material. They are transferred as they needed (Key Tapes)
BATTLE OF CORAL SEA
• Date: 4-8 May 1942
• Where: Pacific
Significance:
• Strategic Victory for Allies
• 1st Carrier Vs. Carrier
• It was first step for Japanese to invade Australia
• US Carrier Lexington was sunk while US Carrier Yorktown was damaged.
Japanese never threatened Australia again
BATTLE OF MIDWAY
• Date: 4-7 June 1942
• Where: Pacific
Significance:
• Turning point of war
• Brought Equity of forces between Allies & Japan
• US Knew of attack on Midway because of Code Breaking.
• 4 Japanese carriers were sunk & US Carrier Yorktown was sunk.
3 US Carriers were: Enterprise, Hornet, & Yorktown.
BATTLE OF GUADALCANAL
• 12—15 November 1942 - NAVAL
Date: August 1942- February 1943
• Where: Pacific
Significance:
• MacArthur’s return to the Phillipines
• 1st major offensive actions for the allies/ Marked Transition into offensive strategic
• Fought 3 major land battles & 7 Naval Battles
BATTLE OF LEYTE GULF
• Date: 23-26 October 1944
• Where: Pacific
Significance:
• Part of Philippines Battle Campaign
• 4 Major Naval Battles
• Japanese First Kamikaze Attack (Suicide A/C)
• Japan was cut off its major supplies in the south & lost 100 trained pilot which was never replaced
D-DAY LANDING
• Date: 6 June 1944 on Tuesday at 0630
• Where: Europe/English Channel
Significance:
• Refers to Allied Invasion to Normandy Beaches in France.
• Biggest Military Deception operation
• General Eisenhower was the US Commander
• 160,000 troops landed & 5,000 ships were involved
USS LIBERTY
• Date: 8 June 1967
• Where: East of Mediterranean
Significance:
• It was during 6 Days Israel-Arab War
• It was attacked by Israel’s Fighters & Torpedo boats.
• 34 Men Killed
• It constitutes the largest loss of life in American Cryptological History.
USS PUEBLO
• Date: 23 January 1968
• Where: Off the Coast of N.K in international water
Significance:
• 1 man died 3 men wounded
• 82 men were held captive for 11 months
• Constituted the largest single loss of sensitive material.
USS STARK
• Date: 17 May 1987 • Where: In the Persian Gulf Significance: • During Iraq-Iran war • An Iraq A/C attacked the ship with 2 anti-surface missiles • 37 American Sailors died • The ship failed to defend itself.
EC-121
• Date: 15 April 1969
• Where: Over Sea of Japan
Significance:
• Was shot down by North Korea
• 31 Americans on plane died (8 officers & 23 enlisted)
• 9 of the crew were Naval Security Group technicians (CTs) & linguists in Russian & Korean
• Plane belongs to VQ-1 Squadron
HAINAN ISLAND
• Date: 01 April 2001
• Where: 70 miles away of Hainan
Significance:
• Collision in the air between US Navy EP-3E & a Chinese Fighter plan J-8II
• EP-3E had 26 minutes to carry out Emergency plan including sensitive material
• 24 Crewmembers were detained & interrogated by Chinese government until a letter of apology was issued by President George Bush.
• Plane belongs to VQ-1
LANDING AT INCHON
• Date: 15 September 1950 • Where: West Coast of South Korea Significance: • N.K invaded S.K • General MacArthur was the Commander. • Landing at Inchon would enable UN to mount major attack on Seoul, major roads & rail links in NKPA's line of communication • The highest tides occurred in mid of month. • Chromite was code name • Intelligence was a key
SPACE MISSIONS
- Mercury 3: May 1961/Alan Shepard/ First US manned space flight
- Gemini 3 : March 1965/ John W. Young/ First US 2 man space mission
- Apollo 11: July 1969/Neil Armstrong/First manned lunar landing
- Apollo17: December 1972/USN 7th & final Lunar landing mission
- STS-1: April 1981/John W. Young/ First orbital test flight of space shuttle.
NAVAL NETWORK WARFARE COMMAND
Operation of Navy Portion of GIG/Space war fighting capabilities.
- Naval Network & Space Operation Command (NNSOC)
- Navy Information Operations Command Norfolk (NIOC Norfolk)
- Navy Component Task Force Computer Network Defense (NCTF-CND)
DEPOT LEVEL REPAIR (DLR)
When a part goes bad, it becomes Not Ready for Issue (NRFI), you turn it to DEPOT Level Repair to get a reduced price. Navy has O Level, I Level, & Depot level.
- Turn-in: Turn it & get a reduced price.
- RIP: Remain in place till you get a replacement because equipment cannot function without it.
PSYOPS/DECEPTION OPERATION
- Psychological Operations: Is propaganda and not toward a specific target
- Deception: Is deceiving and targeted towards military
Note: D-Day landing operation was the biggest Military Deception in history.
EEFI/CI
- EEFI: Information adversaries will inquire about to obtain answers critical to their own operational effectiveness.
- CI: Information if revealed will give the adversary an advantage. It can complicate or prevent a mission, damage friendly resources and cause a loss of life.
WARFARE DOMINANCE RATINGS
- CTI
- CTT
- CTR
- CTN
- CTM
- IS
- IT
- AG
USC TITLE 10/50
- USC 10: Laws & policies of how DOD & each of services will administratively conduct itself
• Subtitle C: Navy & Marine Corps - USC 50: Laws on how US will act will involved in Combat, Crisis, and war, other than combat operations, National defense, & hostile Eng.
• Chapter 4B: Disclosure of Classified information
• Chapter 22: UCMJ
MARITIME DOMAIN/OPERATION CENTER
- Maritime Domain Awareness: The effective understanding of anything associated with maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, and environment.
- Maritime Operation Center: Allows Navy to maintain a state of readiness, provide commanders with resources, & be able to transit from peacetime operation to crisis and disaster relief operation.