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Dual MSOP Test > Study Material > Flashcards

Study Material Flashcards

1
Q

Transhumeral Cabling System

A

Fair Lead

- Split Cable housing

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2
Q

Transradial Cabling System

A

Bowden

- Single Cable Housing

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3
Q

Krukenberg Amputation

A
  • bilateral transradial amputations

- visually impaired

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4
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • back and forth motion of the knee

- posterior lateral distal femur to anterior medial proximal tibia

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5
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • posterior stabilizer of the knee

- anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle to posterior aspect of tibial plateau

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6
Q

Upper Prosthetic Limb Length

A

Lateral epicondyle to thumb tip

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7
Q

Figure of 9 Harness

A

Terminal device activation only

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8
Q

Figure of 8 Harness

A

Suspension needed

Terminal device function

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9
Q

Rigid Hinge: Single-Axis

A
  • protects RL from excessive torque loads

- extension stop prevents elbow hyperextension

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10
Q

Wrist Shapes

A
  • Circular base more anatomical (WD or Long transradial)

- Oval base (mid length to short transradial)*

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11
Q

Step Up Hinge

A
  • 2:1 ratio between forearm and residual limb

- requires 2x the force to fully operate

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12
Q

Flail Arm Hinge

A
  • brachial plexus injury

- ROM is present, strength not present

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13
Q

Flexible Hinges

A
  • medium to long TRs
  • allow pronation/supination
  • do not protect against torque
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14
Q

Required excursion to fully open TD from fully closed position:

A

2 inches

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15
Q

UE Self-Suspending Sockets

A
  • prevent rotation by surrounding the medial and lateral epicondyles of the elbow
  • northwestern, Otto bock, muenster
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16
Q

Long Transradial Shape

A
  • ellipsoidal shape
  • can prevent socket rotation
  • screw-driver effect
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17
Q

Short Transradial Shape

A
  • circular

- allows axial rotation

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18
Q

UE Self-Suspension Styles

A
  • Supra-styloid (allows axial rotation)

- Supra-epicondylar (prevents axial rotation)

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19
Q

Elbow disarticulation amputation

A
  • Humerus remains generally intact along with articular cartilage
  • May include moderate contouring of the humeral condyles
  • Soft tissue distally should be minimized for suspension/rotational control via humeral condyles
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20
Q

RL Length for Elbow Disarticulation

A

Max elbow discrepancy - 2 inches

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21
Q

Transhumeral Shape

A
  • “D” shape in axilla
  • Round in mid-humeral region
  • Bulbous asymmetric shape at distal end
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22
Q

Dual Control System

A

Fair-Lead Split Housing (two-piece)

  • Elbow flexion 2.5”
  • Complete TD opening 2”

Elbow Lock cable

  • 5/8”-3/4” excursion
  • 2 lbs. force
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23
Q

Forearm Lift Tab Jig Operation

A
  • closer to the elbow axis, more body power required, but cable excursion decreases
  • farther away from the elbow axis, less body power required, but cable excursion increases
  • initial placement: 3rd hole distal to the elbow axis on the bottom row
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24
Q

Humeral Base Plate Placement

A
  • Middle of the humeral socket
    • 50% or longer than the anatomical length
  • Distal end of inner socket
    • shorter than 50% of anatomical length

*Minimizes “adduction” torques on the px

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25
Q

Transhumeral Control Motion Sequence

A
  • flex elbow to desired ROM

- lock elbow shoulder: depression, extension, and abduction

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26
Q

Carlyle Index (Bilateral Arm Amputee)

A
  • Upper-arm px length = height (in) x 0.19

- Forearm px length = height (in) x 0.21

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27
Q

Forearm Lift Assist

A
  • placed on the medial side to allow patient adjustment

- ideal for short ?? and shoulder disarticulations due to limited force generation secondary to weakening or pain

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28
Q

Excursion Amplifier

A
  • 2x the force input generates 2x the excursion

- mount to posterior brim of socket

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29
Q

Shoulder Disarticulation/IST Disadvantages

A
  • pressure sensitive
  • excursion generation
  • balance (arm ~ 4.9% of body weight)
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30
Q

Knee Joint

A

Polycentric hinge - rolling and sliding action

  • Med Roll: first 10-15 degrees
  • Lat Roll: roll for 20 degrees
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31
Q

Screw-Home Mechanism

A

Tibia

  • internal rotation during knee flexion
  • external rotation during knee extension
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32
Q

KAFO Clearance Guidelines

A 
Perineum (30 mm or ~ 1")
Knee 
 - Medial: 6 mm
 - Lateral: 3 mm
 - Drop Locks: 3 mm
Ankle (Ht.: Apex of lateral malleolus)
 - Medial: 6 mm
 - Lateral: 5 mm
33
Q

Cervical Vertebrae Characteristics

A
  • Transverse foramen present for blood supply
  • Vertebral foramen is large and triangular
  • C3-C6 have bifid spinous processes
34
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae Characteristics

A
  • Spinous process is spine like and is close to vertical

- Body is heart shaped

35
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae Characteristics

A
  • Spinous process is large, oblong and horizontal
  • Vertebral foreman is small and triangular
  • Body is kidney-shaped and longer transversely
36
Q

Intertransverse Ligament

A
  • Connect transverse processes

- Assist in controlling lateral bending

37
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Bony defect at the pars interarticularis, which may be unilateral or bilateral.

38
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Forward slippage of one vertebrae upon the other. (L5)

39
Q

Jefferson’s Fracture (Diving Accident)

A
  • 4 part burst fracture of Atlas (C1)

- axial compression, hyperextension

40
Q

Odontoid Fracture

A
  • Type I Avulsion of alar lig. off one side of tip of dens.
  • Rigid Collar
Type II (most common) Fx through base of odontoid via hyper flex or ext
 - Halo

Type III FX extends through body of C2
- Halo

41
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A
  • Fx of pars interarticularis of C2

- Forceful extension of extended neck

42
Q

Chance Fracture

A
  • “seatbelt” injury mechanism
43
Q

Spinal Orthosis Selection: T7-L3

A

TLSO Corset - Custom TLSO

44
Q

Spinal Orthosis Selection: L1-L3

A

LSO Corset - Custom LSO

45
Q

Spinal Orthosis Selection: L4-S1

A

LSO Corset - LSO Fracture Cast w/ Spica

46
Q

Adams Forward Bending Test

A
  • Spinous process rotate to the curve’s concavity, vertebral bodies to the convexity.
  • Thoracic: Rib prominence
  • Lumbar: Paraspinal prominence
47
Q

Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

A
  • interruption of endochondral ossification, leading to anterior wedging and increased kyphosis
  • typical presentation around ages 10 to 12
  • marked increase kyphosis upon forward bending
48
Q

Zig Zag Deformity

A
  • Radial deviation

- Rheumatoid arthritis

49
Q

Buerger’s Disease

A
  • Acute inflammation and thrombosis (clotting) of arteries and veins
  • Affects the hands and feet
  • 20-40 y. o. male cigarette smokers
50
Q

Syme PTB Mod. Location

A

Lower than TB

- Heel off forces are on the patellar tendon instead of the on the crest of the tibia.

51
Q

Anterior - Posterior

TB PTB Socket Forces

A
  • popliteal

- distal tibia

52
Q

Medial - Lateral

TB PTB Socket Forces

A
  • medial tibial flare

- distal lateral socket

53
Q

Adduction

TB Prosthetic Alignment

A
  • distal medial increase

- varus knee

54
Q

Abduction

TB Prosthetic Alignment

A
  • distal lateral increase

- valgus knee

55
Q

Px Joint and Corset Goals

A
  • redistribute some residuum pressure on to thigh
  • increase ML knee stability
  • prevent genu recurvatum
  • suspension (waste belt and fork strap)
56
Q

TB Px Joint Attachment

A
  • 2.25” proximal to MPT

- Socket midline

57
Q

TB Px Corset Clearance

A
  • 1” clearance between distal posterior aspect of the corset relative to the socket while sitting at 90 degrees
58
Q

TB Endoskeletal Construction

A

Indications
- need for interchangeability of components

Advantages
- alignment adjustability after fabrication

Disadvantages
- requires more maintenance

59
Q

TB Exoskeletal Construction

A

Indications
- appropriate for virtually all def. BK prostheses whether usage will be light or heavy duty

Advantages
- easy to keep clean

Disadvantages
- alignment is not adjustable without major fabrication

60
Q

PTB Socket w/ Soft Liner

A

Advantages

  • soft protective socket interference
  • appropriate for the majority of residual limbs

Disadvantages

  • not as hygienic as a hard socket
  • increases bulk around the knee
61
Q

PTB Hard Socket

A

Advantages

  • less bulky at the knee than with an insert
  • easy to keep clean

Disadvantages
- requires precision in casting and modification

62
Q

Supracondylar Cuff Placement Location

A
  • 12 mm proximal to MPT

- 12 mm posterior to a vertical line bisecting the A/P of the socket

63
Q

Knee Disartic Advantages

A
  • long lever arm and preserved musculature

- more balanced musculature

64
Q

Quadrilateral Socket: Medial Wall

A
  • pressure on adductors
  • contain medial tissues
  • line of progression
65
Q

Quadrilateral Socket: Anterior Wall

A
  • surface over which to distribute anterior forces

- Scarpa’s bulge

66
Q

Quadrilateral Socket: Posterior Wall

A
  • height refers to height from floor to ischial level

- 5-11 degree shape

67
Q

Ischial Containment Principles: STML

A

Soft Tissue M/L

- derived from table based on circumferential measurement at 1” level

68
Q

Ischial Containment Principles: Medial Wall Containment

A
  • angled to match ischial-ramus angle

- prevents medial migration of ischium in socket

69
Q

Ischium Location

A

Quadrilateral
- on brim

Ischial Containment
- in socket

70
Q

TF Knee Center Alignment

A

Single Axis Knee
- 1/4” posterior to T-A line

  • posterior to the T-A line, depends on type
71
Q

Normal Step Length

A

Foot reaches 15 degrees behind vertical line originating at the hip.

  • 3 degrees pelvic rotation (lordosis)
  • 5 degrees hip extension
  • 7 knee flexion
72
Q

TF Hip Contracture

A

Add the amount of contracture to the 5 degrees of socket flexion needed for normal step length

73
Q

Hip Disarticulation

A

Disarticulation at femoral head/acetabulum

74
Q

HD Advantages

A
  • ischial tuberosity is retained, will tolerate loading well
  • balance and comfort for sitting is better than the hemipelvectomy
  • ilium is retained - suspension, rotational control, pressure tolerant region
75
Q

Transpelvic Management

A 
Amputation at junction of sacrum/ilium
Other Names
- hemipelvectomy
- hindquarter amputation
- transiliac
76
Q

Transpelvic Issues “Advantages”

A
  • retains bowel, bladder, and sexual function
  • life-saving procedure
  • good px rehab among young patients
  • pregnancy and successful delivery still possible
77
Q

Transpelvic Issues “Disadvantages”

A
  • weight bearing of IT is lost
  • suspension and rotational control are much more difficult to achieve
  • energy expenditure 200% of normal ambulation
  • usually require crutches and cane for ambulation
  • scoliotic changes may result over time
  • more prone to postoperative infections
  • issues with hygiene due to defecation and urination control
78
Q

Scarpas Triangle

A
  • inguinal ligament superiorly
  • adductor longus medially
  • sartorius laterally

Dual MSOP Test (6 decks)

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