Study it or don't (IDGAF)

Question 1

_______ (PSNS/SNS) from pelvic nerves arising from _______ (S2-4 or T11-L2 is the Spinal Micturition center

Answer 1

PSNS and S2-4

Question 2

What kind of info does the spinal micturition center carry?

Answer 2

Motor and stretch sensory receptors

Question 3

The SNS carries motor and sensory (pain, touch, and temp) from the what thoracolumbar segments

A. T8-11
B. T8-12
C. T11-L2
D. L2-L5

Answer 3

C. T11-L2

Question 4

The Pudendal nerve carries motor and sensory somatic fibers from what spinal vertebrae?

A. S2-4
B. S3-4
C. T12-S1
D. S1-S2

Answer 4

A. S2-S4

Question 5

Where is the conus medullaris in adults

Answer 5

L1

Question 6

What supplies motor to bladder musculature, the involuntary sphincter and striated external sphincter?

Answer 6

The Spinal micturition Center

Question 7

What controls the micturition reflex?

Answer 7

The pontine micturition center

Question 8

The hypogastic nerve inhibits the detrusor muscle during filling and constricts the internal urethral sphincter. Is this PSNS or SNS and where in the spinal column does it come from?

Answer 8

Its SNS and T10-12

Question 9

Is the pudendal nerve PSNS? SNS? or Somatic?

Answer 9

Its somatic

Question 10

What effects will a lesion above the brainstem have on the bladder?

Answer 10

Affecting micturition can result in involuntary bladder contractions (detrusor hyperreflexia) with coordinated sphincter relaxation

Symptoms:
Urge incontinence
a sudden strong urge to urinate

Question 11

A complete lesion of the spinal cord above T12 vertebral body has what effect on the bladder?

Answer 11

this MAY leave the spinal reflex center intact. These patients have detrusor hyperreflexia and an uncoordinated spastic external sphincter, residual urine with reduced bladder capacity

Question 12

Alright fuckers how bout a lesion to the spinal micturition reflex center or below?

Answer 12

So both motor and sensory fibers are affected. Because of this you can not tell when you shit is full of pee. Your bladder contractions are weak shit and you don’t fucking empty it because of these bitch ass contractions so you have a large urine residual.

Question 13

What three parts of the urinary tract do stones usually get stuck at?

Answer 13

1. UPJ
2. Pelvic inlet
3. UVJ

Question 14

What is the imaging of choice to evaluate for stones and other diagnostic possibilities?

Answer 14

Non contrast spiral CT.

Ducks and pigs have corkskrew dicks

Question 15

What happens with renal papillary necrosis?

Answer 15

Well some old fuck abused NSAIDs and now their shit is fucked. It causes the renal medulla (papilla) to necrose and slough off. Welp now the old bag has issues filling up cause the papilla has “sloughed” off.

Giraffes have the longest tail of any land animal

Question 16

What two forms of kidney calcifications are there?

Answer 16

Cortical and Medullary

Question 17

Alright you smart idiots what causes cortical calcification?

Answer 17

1. Acute cortical necrosis
2. Chronic Glomerulonephritis
3. prolonged hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria
4. Poisoning and Toxicities

The American beaver is North Americas largest rodent

Question 18

True or False: Renal vein thrombosis can cause nephrotic syndrome and blood clots to lungs?

Answer 18

True

Flamingos are pink cause they eat loads of shrimp

Question 19

Whats is the epithelial lining of the urinary system (bladder, ureter, urethra) called?

Answer 19

Transitional epithelium (hence transitional cell carcinoma)

The polar bear is the largest carnivore found on land

Question 20

Will carcinoma of the prostate show elevation in alkaline phosphatase?

Answer 20

Yes yes it will

The ostrich can run up to 45mph- crazy right

Question 21

What is fluid filling in the tunica vaginalis called?

Answer 21

Hydrocele

Question 22

What will a doppler ultrasound show for someone who has epididymitis?

Answer 22

Increased blood flow to the epididymis

The Pygmy Hippo was not discovered until 1840- how did they hide for so long?

Question 23

What surrounds the testicle in testicular torsion?

Answer 23

The tunica vaginalis

Question 24

When it comes to the painful testicle or scrotom Dr. Witwer wants us to remember what?

Answer 24

Rubor
Calor
Tumor
Dolor

(redness, Heat, Swelling, and Pain)

Question 25

What is the venous drainage of the testicle?

Answer 25

Venous drainage of testis is via the pampiniform plexus that runs with the spermatic cord

Question 26

If there is varicosity of the pampiniform plexus what is the result?

Answer 26

This is how varicoceles happen

Question 27

An ultrasound of a scrotum that has a varicocele will show what?

Answer 27

it’ll show multiple veins with slow blood flow

Question 28

Enlarged ovaries with thick sclerotic capsules and an abnormally high number of follicles is what?

Answer 28

Polycystic ovary disease

Question 29

What is Stein-Leventhal syndrome?

Answer 29

obesity, amenorrhea, infertility, hirsutism and enlarged polycystic ovaries

Question 30

Will a doppler ultrasound show blood flow to an ovary if they are experiencing ovarian torsion?

Answer 30

No, and the ovary will be blue.

-an ultrasound is the test of choice to evaluate this

Question 31

What is inflamed in PID?

Answer 31

1. Uterus
2. Tubes
3. Ovaries

Question 32

If a women has a long-standing untreated infection with abscess formation in her reproductive system what is this called?

Answer 32

Tubo-ovarian abscess

Question 33

True or False: a Cystadenoma is a benign tumor?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Uterine adenomyosis is what?

Answer 34

Ectopic endometrial glandular tissue in the uterine muscle wall (myometrium)

Question 35

What are the risk factors for Endometrial cancer?

Answer 35

1. Obesity
2. DM
3. Breast Cancer
4. Tamoxifen
5. Nulliparity
6. Increasing age
7. High levels of estrogen
8. PCOS

Question 36

What type of cell is involved with carcinoma of the cervix?

Answer 36

Squamous