Study Hub Lesson Flashcards
The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, orgin, and distribution.
Biology
It is study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them.
Ecology
Studies the relationship between living things and their habitats.
Ecologist
refers to organisms that are utilized by business or other organizations for economic purposes, such as food production, medicine, or industrial use.
Commercial species
- Seaweeds
- Milkfish
- Skipjack
- Tilapia
- Bali sardinella
- Roundscad
- Big-eyed scad
- Yellowfin tuna
- Frigate tuna
- Squid
Top 10 commodities (na sold, brought, traded or kadalasan nakuha)
- Seaweed
- Tilapia
- Milkfish (bangus)
- Bali sardinella
- Skipjack
- Roundscad
- Bug-eyed scad
- Frigate tuna
- Yellowfin tuna
- Indian Mackerel
Top 10 fish & fishery products
- Food
- Pharmaceuticals
- Cosmetic industry
- Bioremediation
- Biofuels
- Fertilizers
- Animal feed
- Wastewater treatment
Uses of Seaweeds
Capture fisheries → aquaculture → post harvest(processing)
How are fisheries to be process (process of fisheries)
Is the scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
Taxonomic Classification
Is the highest level on the biological classification scale. All living creatures are classed as part of the animalla kingdom.
Kingdom
Is a part of taxonomic classification that “split animals by major characteristics.”
Phylum
Is a part of taxonomic classification that “fish are divided into chondrichthyes(cartilaginous fish) and osteichthyes (bony fish).”
Class
“further differentiates by physical characteristics.”
Order
Is a groups member by further physical characteristics. There are over 50 members of the Gadidae (“cod”) family, for example, which share features such as all having three dorsal fins.
Family
It is further differentiates members within a family. Within the Gadidae family, the four members of the Gadus genus are Pacific cod, atlantic cod, Greenland cod, and alaska pollock.
Genus
Is the final level and pinpoints the exact creature. For example, Pacific cod’s species name is Gadus macrocephalus.
Species
Taxonomy serves as a becon of knowledge, guiding us toward a deeper understanding of our place in the natural world and our responsibility to protect it.
Why do we use taxonomy?
- Shark
- Tuna
- Seals
Example of Top Predators - predators are simply larger and faster than most of their competition.
- Squid
- Sardines
- Snapper
Example of carnivores - ultimately serve as nourishment for bigger
- Zooplankton
- sea urchins
- Parrot fish
Example of Herbivores - is an organism that mostly feeds on plants (Primary consumer)
- photoplankton
- seaweeds
- seagrasses
Example of photo- autotrophs(plants) - are organisms that carry out photosynthesis. Using energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are converted into organic materials to be used in callular functions such as biosynthesis and respiration.
- Pollution
- Overfishing
- Habitat destruction
- Climate change
- Invasive species (mga tresspasing na species)
- Dams and water diversion
- Eutrophication (process result of harmful algae blooms, deadzones, fish kills.)
The threats to the habitat of fishes?
It is means wetland waters and nonwetland waters.
Aquatic resources
Swales, vernal pools
The wetland water
Ponds
Lakes
streams
River
The nonwetland waters
To maintaining people health and well-being.
The importance of aquatic resources:
It is the variety and nonvariability of life on Earth
Biodiversity
A person who’s study of fish
Ichthyology
Called study outside body of animals
Morphology
Called study Inside body of animals
Physiology
The study of the structure of a plant or animals
Anatomy
The study of the structure of a plant or animals
Anatomy
Naturally occuring water that is not salty.
Fresh water
Are salt water, meaning they have higher concentrations of dissolved salts.
Marine water
Is a part of a river that meets the sea. It is water accuring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater.
Brackish water
Is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants.
Marsh
Is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph, also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator, detritivore, or decomposer. It is not the same as a food web.
Food chain
are a subset of Earth’s aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, springs, bogs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content.
Freshwater ecosystem
List of Freshwater in our regions (mindanao)
Ponds and lakes
Streams and rivers
Wetland
List of Freshwater resources
Lake and ponds
Rivers and streams
Reserviors
Wetland
Groundwater
a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
Reserviors
- it is they provide the majority of global drinking water resources.
- it is povide opportunities.
- And means transportations.
Freshwater resources
___% fish species come from freshwater ecosystems.
40%
___% fish species come from marine water
60%
Fish
Amphibians
Aquatic plants
Invertebrates(animals without backbone)
Lives in?
Organisms that lives in freshwater ecosystems
Majors groups of organisms lives/ inhabit freshwater ecosystems
- Vertebrates
- Invertebrates
- Plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
- Phytoplankton and zooplankton
- Periphyton, macrophytes(aquatic plants), insects, fish
- Amphibians
Are the bodies of water that fill depressions in the earth surface. May be further describes by their origin and classified by trophic statis according to their characteristics.
Lakes
Are lakes, often mam-made, that control water flow for hydroelectric power generation, flood control, and/or municipal water supplies.
Reservoirs
are bodies of water (usually fresh water, but occasionally brackish), which can vary in size between 1 square meter and 2 hectares (this is equivalent in size to about 2.5 football pitches), and which holds water for four months of the year or more.
Ponds
Differentiate ponds and lake
- difference in size
- Lake are natural but ponds are artificial created or man made.
- ponds and lakes are different in terms of temperature, because ponds can same temperature from top to bottom whilelakes can have dramatically different temperature from surface to bottom waters.
Lakes defination
- Larger
- Deeper
- May have dramatically different temperatures from the surface to the bottom waters.
- Light generally does not reach bottom at deeper points.
- It affects local climate if it is large enough.
Ponds definations and characteristics?
- Smaller
- Swallower
- top and bottom waters generally have the same temperature.
- light generally will reach the bottom in all areas of the pond.
- Ponds are usually man-made, tend to be greatly affected by local climate.
Similarities of ponds and lakes
- Ponds and lakes may have limited species diversirty since they are often isolated from one another and from other water sources like rivers and oceans.
- Lakes and ponds are divided into three different “zones” which are usually determined by depth and distance from the shoreline.
It is exist water or fresh water, that a seasonal and only lasting just a couple of months (such as sessile pools).
Ponds
It is existing water or fresh water that may exist for hundreds of years or more
Lakes
istypically shallow with a soft and mucky bottom. Rooted plant growth is abundant along the shore and out into the lake, and algal blooms are not unusual. Water clarity is not good and the water often has a tea color. If deep enough to thermally stratify, the bottom waters are devoid of oxygen.
Eutrophic lake
arelow in nutrients and primary production, rich in oxygen throughout, and have good water clarity.
Oligotrophic lake
arelow in nutrients and primary production, rich in oxygen throughout, and have good water clarity.
Oligotrophic lake
Waters with more nutrients and, therefore, more biological productivity.
Mesotrophic lake
3 types Lake Zonation
- Littoral
- Limnetic
- Profundal
It is the lake shoreline where sunlight can reach the bottom.
Littoral
It is commonly recognized as the open waters.
Limnetic
It is deep water where sunlight does not penetrate.
Profundal
What is Epilinion
It is a Surface water.
What is hypolimnion
A bottom water.
What is metalimnion?
It is transitional area between the bottom and surface water.
It is topzone near the shore of a lake or pond. This zone is the warmest since it is swallow and can avsorb more of the sun’s heat.
Littoral zone
It is near- surface open water surrounded by the littoral zone.
Limnetic zone
It is much colder and denses than littoral zone and limnetic zone. Little light penetrates all the way through the limnetic zone into the profundal zone.
Profundal zone
Are heterotrophs, means that they eat dead organisms and use oxygen for cellular respinlration.
Fauna
It is part of structure of food web, that open water of limnetic zone.
Primary producers
Typical FOOD CHAIN in (fish)
Piscivorous fish
↓
Planktivorous fish
↓
Zooplankton
↓
Algae
↓
Nutrients
↑
Benthic Organisms
