Study Hall Flashcards
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.
Acceptance Criteria
Within the quality management system, accuracy is an assessment of correctness
Accuracy
A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed.
Activity List
The realized cost incurred for work performed on an activity during a specific time period.
Actual Cost (AC)
A development approach in which the requirements are subject to a high level of uncertainty and volatility and are likely to change throughout the project.
Adaptive Approach
A diagram that shows large numbers of ideas classified into groups for review and analysis.
Affinity Diagram
The process of classifying items into similar categories or collections on the basis of their likeness.
Affinity Grouping
A term used to describe a mindset of values and principles as set forth in the Agile Manifesto
Agile
A method used to evaluate identified options in order to select the options or approaches to use to perform the work of the project.
Alternative Analysis
A state of being unclear, having difficulty in identifying the cause of events, or having multiple options from which to choose.
Ambiguity
A method for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project.
Analogous Estimating
A template, document, output, or project deliverable.
Artifact
A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.
Assumption
An assessment that ensures assumptions and constraints are integrated into the project plans and documents, and that there is consistency among them.
Assumption and Constraint Analysis
A project document used to record all assumptions and constraints throughout the project.
Assumption Log
The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals.
Authority
An ordered list of work to be done.
Backlog
Progressive elaboration of the content in the backlog and (re)prioritization of it to identify the work that can be accomplished in an upcoming iteration.
Backlog Refinement
The approved version of a work product, used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Baseline
Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.
Basis of Estimates
The comparison of actual or planned products, processes, and practices to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Benchmarking
The documented explanation defining the processes for creating, maximizing, and sustaining the benefits provided by a project or program.
Benefits Management Plan
All documents used to solicit information, quotations, or proposals from prospective sellers
Bid Documents
The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of the procurement. Also known as contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences
Bidder Conference
An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as an impediment
Blocker
The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure (WBS) component or any schedule activity
Budget
The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.
Budget at Completion (BAC)
A graphical representation of the work remaining in a timebox, or the work completed toward the release of a product or project deliverable.
Burn Chart
A value proposition for a proposed project that may include financial and nonfinancial benefits.
Business Case
A one-page, visual summary that describes the value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. These are often used in Lean Startup situations.
Business Model Canvas
The net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor that may be tangible, intangible, or both.
Business Value
A rhythm of activities conducted throughout the project.
Cadence
A visual representation that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause.
Cause and Effect Diagram
A modification to any formally controlled deliverable, project management plan component, or project document
Change
A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected
Change Control
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.
Change Control Board (CCB)
A component of the project management plan that establishes the change control board, documents the extent of its authority, and describes how the change control system will be implemented.
Change Control Plan
A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled
Change Control System
A comprehensive list of changes submitted during the project and their current status
Change Log
A comprehensive, cyclic, and structured approach for transitioning individuals, groups, and organizations from a current state to a future state with intended business benefits.
Change Management
A formal proposal to modify a document, deliverable, or baseline
Change Request
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. Also known as a project charter
Charter
A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data
Check Sheet
The process(es) performed to formally complete or close a project, phase, or contract
Closing Process Group
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how, when, and by whom information about the project will be administered and disseminated
Communications Management Plan
A characteristic of a program or project or its environment that is difficult to manage due to human behavior, system behavior, and ambiguity
Complexity
A type of cognitive bias that confirms preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.
Confirmation Bias
The degree to which the results meet the set quality requirements.
Conformance
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process
Constraint
An event or occurrence that could affect the execution of the project, which may be accounted for with a reserve.
Contingency
Time or money allocated in the schedule or cost baseline for known risks with active response strategies.
Contingency Reserve
The practice of delivering feature increments immediately to customers, often through the use of small batches of work and automation technology
Continuous Delivery
A mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product, service, or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.
Contract
The process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.
Control
A graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.
Control Chart
The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Cost Baseline
A financial analysis method used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A component of a project or program management plan that describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled.
Cost Management Plan
All costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraisal of the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failure to meet requirements.
Cost of Quality (COQ)
A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit.
Cost Plus Award Fee Contract (CPAF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of profit (fee).
Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract), and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria.
Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)
A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the seller’s actual costs, plus a fee typically representing the seller’s profit.
Cost-Reimbursable Contract
The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.
Cost Variance (CV)
A method used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.
Crashing
Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgment or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated.
Criteria
The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.
Critical Path
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of schedule flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.
Critical Path Method (CPM)
A chart indicating features completed over time, features in other states of development, and those in the backlog.
Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)
The total elapsed time from the start of a particular activity or work item to its completion.
Cycle Time
A diagram that shows the average cycle time of the work items completed over time.
Cycle Time Chart
A brief, daily collaboration meeting in which the team reviews progress from the previous day, declares intentions for the current day, and highlights any obstacles encountered or anticipated.
Daily Standup
A set of charts and graphs showing progress or performance against important measures of the project.
Dashboard
Methods used to collect, assess, and evaluate data and information to gain a deeper understanding of a situation.
Data Gathering and Analysis Methods
A diagramming and calculation method for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Decision Tree Analysis
A method used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
Decomposition
A checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use.
Definition of Done (DoD)
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.
Deliverable
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with delivering the scope and quality that the project was undertaken to achieve.
Delivery Performance Domain
A method used to create and evolve the product, service, or result during the project life cycle, such as a predictive, iterative, incremental, agile, or hybrid method
Development Approach
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the development approach, cadence, and life cycle phases of the project.
Development Approach and Life Cycle Performance Domain
A collection of practices for creating a smooth flow of deliveries by improving collaboration between development and operations staff.
DevOps
A product or service that is delivered, used, and stored in an electronic format.
Digital Product
A relationship that is based on best practices or project preferences.
Discretionary Dependency
The total number of work periods required to complete an activity or work breakdown structure component, expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with effort.
Duration
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.
Earned Value (EV)
An analysis method that uses a set of measures associated with scope, schedule, and cost to determine the cost and schedule performance of a project.
Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with duration.
Effort
The ability to identify, assess, and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.
Emotional Intelligence
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
A large, related body of work intended to hierarchically organize a set of requirements and deliver specific business outcomes.
Epic
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as project costs, resources, effort, or durations.
Estimate
The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
Estimate to Complete (ETC)
Methods used to develop an approximation of work, time, or cost on a project.
Estimating Methods
Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project requirements.
Executing Process Group
The estimated value of an outcome expressed in monetary terms.
Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
Knowledge that can be codified using symbols such as words, numbers, and pictures.
Explicit Knowledge
A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.
External Dependency
A schedule compression method in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Fast Tracking
A set of related requirements or functionalities that provides value to an organization.
Feature
A type of fixed-price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), regardless of the seller’s costs.
Firm Fixed Price Contract (FFP)
A type of activity where the length of time required to complete the activity remains constant regardless of the number of people or resources assigned to the activity.
Fixed Duration
An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.
Fixed-Price Contract
A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria.
Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract
A fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities.
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FPEPA)
The measure of how efficiently work moves through a given process or framework.
Flow
The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system.
Flowchart
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project’s future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast.
Forecast
An estimate of the amount of business functionality in an information system, used to calculate the functional size measurement of a software system.
Function Point
A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.
Gantt Chart
The framework for directing and enabling an organization through its established policies, practices, and other relevant documentation.
Governance
A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use but do not share the same requirements for quality.
Grade
A chart that begins with high-level information that is progressively decomposed into lower levels of detail.
Hierarchy Chart
A bar chart that shows the graphical representation of numerical data.
Histogram
A combination of two or more agile and nonagile elements, having a nonagile end result.
Hybrid Approach
A strategic planning method that serves as a visual roadmap for the organization during product development.
Impact Mapping
An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as a blocker.
Impediment
An adaptive development approach in which the deliverable is produced successively, adding functionality until the deliverable contains the necessary and sufficient capability to be considered complete.
Incremental Approach
A contract that provides for an indefinite quantity of goods or services, with a stated lower and upper limit, within a fixed time period.
Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ)
A graphical representation of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
Influence Diagram
A visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization, enabling timely knowledge sharing.
Information Radiator
Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
Initiating Process Group
A relationship between two or more project activities.
Internal Dependency
Skills used to establish and maintain relationships with other people.
Interpersonal Skills
A current condition or situation that may have an impact on the project objectives.
Issue
A project document where information about issues is recorded and monitored.
Issue Log
A timeboxed cycle of development on a product or deliverable in which all of the work that is needed to deliver value is performed.
Iteration
A detailed plan for the current iteration.
Iteration Plan
A meeting to clarify the details of the backlog items, acceptance criteria, and work effort required to meet an upcoming iteration commitment.
Iteration Planning
A meeting held at the end of an iteration to demonstrate the work that was accomplished during the iteration.
Iteration Review
A development approach that focuses on an initial, simplified implementation then progressively elaborates adding to the feature set until the final deliverable is complete
Iterative Approach
A visualization tool that shows work in progress to help identify bottlenecks and overcommitments, thereby allowing the team to optimize the workflow.
Kanban Board
A gathering of team members and other key stakeholders at the outset of a project to formally set expectations, gain a common understanding, and commence work.
Kickoff Meeting
A mixture of experience, values and beliefs, contextual information, intuition, and insight that people use to make sense of new experiences and information.
Knowledge
The amount of time whereby a successor activity will be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.
Lag
The concept of deferring a decision to allow the team to consider multiple options until the cost of further delay would exceed the benefit.
Last Responsible Moment
The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.
Lead
The time between a customer request and the actual delivery.
Lead Time
A diagram showing the trend over time of the average lead time of the items completed in work.
Lead Time Chart
