Study Hall Flashcards
A set of conditions that is required to be met before deliverables are accepted.
Acceptance Criteria
Within the quality management system, accuracy is an assessment of correctness
Accuracy
A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed.
Activity List
The realized cost incurred for work performed on an activity during a specific time period.
Actual Cost (AC)
A development approach in which the requirements are subject to a high level of uncertainty and volatility and are likely to change throughout the project.
Adaptive Approach
A diagram that shows large numbers of ideas classified into groups for review and analysis.
Affinity Diagram
The process of classifying items into similar categories or collections on the basis of their likeness.
Affinity Grouping
A term used to describe a mindset of values and principles as set forth in the Agile Manifesto
Agile
A method used to evaluate identified options in order to select the options or approaches to use to perform the work of the project.
Alternative Analysis
A state of being unclear, having difficulty in identifying the cause of events, or having multiple options from which to choose.
Ambiguity
A method for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project.
Analogous Estimating
A template, document, output, or project deliverable.
Artifact
A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain, without proof or demonstration.
Assumption
An assessment that ensures assumptions and constraints are integrated into the project plans and documents, and that there is consistency among them.
Assumption and Constraint Analysis
A project document used to record all assumptions and constraints throughout the project.
Assumption Log
The right to apply project resources, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals.
Authority
An ordered list of work to be done.
Backlog
Progressive elaboration of the content in the backlog and (re)prioritization of it to identify the work that can be accomplished in an upcoming iteration.
Backlog Refinement
The approved version of a work product, used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Baseline
Supporting documentation outlining the details used in establishing project estimates such as assumptions, constraints, level of detail, ranges, and confidence levels.
Basis of Estimates
The comparison of actual or planned products, processes, and practices to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Benchmarking
The documented explanation defining the processes for creating, maximizing, and sustaining the benefits provided by a project or program.
Benefits Management Plan
All documents used to solicit information, quotations, or proposals from prospective sellers
Bid Documents
The meetings with prospective sellers prior to the preparation of a bid or proposal to ensure all prospective vendors have a clear and common understanding of the procurement. Also known as contractor conferences, vendor conferences, or pre-bid conferences
Bidder Conference
An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as an impediment
Blocker
The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure (WBS) component or any schedule activity
Budget
The sum of all budgets established for the work to be performed.
Budget at Completion (BAC)
A graphical representation of the work remaining in a timebox, or the work completed toward the release of a product or project deliverable.
Burn Chart
A value proposition for a proposed project that may include financial and nonfinancial benefits.
Business Case
A one-page, visual summary that describes the value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. These are often used in Lean Startup situations.
Business Model Canvas
The net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavor that may be tangible, intangible, or both.
Business Value
A rhythm of activities conducted throughout the project.
Cadence
A visual representation that helps trace an undesirable effect back to its root cause.
Cause and Effect Diagram
A modification to any formally controlled deliverable, project management plan component, or project document
Change
A process whereby modifications to documents, deliverables, or baselines associated with the project are identified, documented, approved, or rejected
Change Control
A formally chartered group responsible for reviewing, evaluating, approving, delaying, or rejecting changes to the project, and for recording and communicating such decisions.
Change Control Board (CCB)
A component of the project management plan that establishes the change control board, documents the extent of its authority, and describes how the change control system will be implemented.
Change Control Plan
A set of procedures that describes how modifications to the project deliverables and documentation are managed and controlled
Change Control System
A comprehensive list of changes submitted during the project and their current status
Change Log
A comprehensive, cyclic, and structured approach for transitioning individuals, groups, and organizations from a current state to a future state with intended business benefits.
Change Management
A formal proposal to modify a document, deliverable, or baseline
Change Request
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities. Also known as a project charter
Charter
A tally sheet that can be used as a checklist when gathering data
Check Sheet
The process(es) performed to formally complete or close a project, phase, or contract
Closing Process Group
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how, when, and by whom information about the project will be administered and disseminated
Communications Management Plan
A characteristic of a program or project or its environment that is difficult to manage due to human behavior, system behavior, and ambiguity
Complexity
A type of cognitive bias that confirms preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.
Confirmation Bias
The degree to which the results meet the set quality requirements.
Conformance
A limiting factor that affects the execution of a project, program, portfolio, or process
Constraint
An event or occurrence that could affect the execution of the project, which may be accounted for with a reserve.
Contingency
Time or money allocated in the schedule or cost baseline for known risks with active response strategies.
Contingency Reserve
The practice of delivering feature increments immediately to customers, often through the use of small batches of work and automation technology
Continuous Delivery
A mutually binding agreement that obligates the seller to provide the specified product, service, or result and obligates the buyer to pay for it.
Contract
The process of comparing actual performance with planned performance, analyzing variances, assessing trends to effect process improvements, evaluating possible alternatives, and recommending appropriate corrective action as needed.
Control
A graphic display of process data over time and against established control limits, which has a centerline that assists in detecting a trend of plotted values toward either control limit.
Control Chart
The approved version of the time-phased project budget, excluding any management reserves, which can be changed only through formal change control procedures and is used as a basis for comparison to actual results.
Cost Baseline
A financial analysis method used to determine the benefits provided by a project against its costs.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
A component of a project or program management plan that describes how costs will be planned, structured, and controlled.
Cost Management Plan
All costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraisal of the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failure to meet requirements.
Cost of Quality (COQ)
A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources expressed as the ratio of earned value to actual cost.
Cost Performance Index (CPI)
A category of contract that involves payments to the seller for all legitimate actual costs incurred for completed work, plus an award fee representing seller profit.
Cost Plus Award Fee Contract (CPAF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract) plus a fixed amount of profit (fee).
Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF)
A type of cost-reimbursable contract where the buyer reimburses the seller for the seller’s allowable costs (allowable costs are defined by the contract), and the seller earns its profit if it meets defined performance criteria.
Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF)
A type of contract involving payment to the seller for the seller’s actual costs, plus a fee typically representing the seller’s profit.
Cost-Reimbursable Contract
The amount of budget deficit or surplus at a given point in time, expressed as the difference between the earned value and the actual cost.
Cost Variance (CV)
A method used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding resources.
Crashing
Standards, rules, or tests on which a judgment or decision can be based or by which a product, service, result, or process can be evaluated.
Criteria
The sequence of activities that represents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest possible duration.
Critical Path
A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of schedule flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.
Critical Path Method (CPM)
A chart indicating features completed over time, features in other states of development, and those in the backlog.
Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)
The total elapsed time from the start of a particular activity or work item to its completion.
Cycle Time
A diagram that shows the average cycle time of the work items completed over time.
Cycle Time Chart
A brief, daily collaboration meeting in which the team reviews progress from the previous day, declares intentions for the current day, and highlights any obstacles encountered or anticipated.
Daily Standup
A set of charts and graphs showing progress or performance against important measures of the project.
Dashboard
Methods used to collect, assess, and evaluate data and information to gain a deeper understanding of a situation.
Data Gathering and Analysis Methods
A diagramming and calculation method for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainty.
Decision Tree Analysis
A method used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
Decomposition
A checklist of all the criteria required to be met so that a deliverable can be considered ready for customer use.
Definition of Done (DoD)
Any unique and verifiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase, or project.
Deliverable
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with delivering the scope and quality that the project was undertaken to achieve.
Delivery Performance Domain
A method used to create and evolve the product, service, or result during the project life cycle, such as a predictive, iterative, incremental, agile, or hybrid method
Development Approach
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the development approach, cadence, and life cycle phases of the project.
Development Approach and Life Cycle Performance Domain
A collection of practices for creating a smooth flow of deliveries by improving collaboration between development and operations staff.
DevOps
A product or service that is delivered, used, and stored in an electronic format.
Digital Product
A relationship that is based on best practices or project preferences.
Discretionary Dependency
The total number of work periods required to complete an activity or work breakdown structure component, expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with effort.
Duration
The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.
Earned Value (EV)
An analysis method that uses a set of measures associated with scope, schedule, and cost to determine the cost and schedule performance of a project.
Earned Value Analysis (EVA)
The number of labor units required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component, often expressed in hours, days, or weeks. Contrast with duration.
Effort
The ability to identify, assess, and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.
Emotional Intelligence
Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program, or portfolio.
Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
A large, related body of work intended to hierarchically organize a set of requirements and deliver specific business outcomes.
Epic
A quantitative assessment of the likely amount or outcome of a variable, such as project costs, resources, effort, or durations.
Estimate
The expected total cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.
Estimate at Completion (EAC)
The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
Estimate to Complete (ETC)
Methods used to develop an approximation of work, time, or cost on a project.
Estimating Methods
Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan to satisfy the project requirements.
Executing Process Group
The estimated value of an outcome expressed in monetary terms.
Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
Knowledge that can be codified using symbols such as words, numbers, and pictures.
Explicit Knowledge
A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.
External Dependency
A schedule compression method in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Fast Tracking
A set of related requirements or functionalities that provides value to an organization.
Feature
A type of fixed-price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), regardless of the seller’s costs.
Firm Fixed Price Contract (FFP)
A type of activity where the length of time required to complete the activity remains constant regardless of the number of people or resources assigned to the activity.
Fixed Duration
An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.
Fixed-Price Contract
A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract), and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets defined performance criteria.
Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract
A fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities.
Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FPEPA)
The measure of how efficiently work moves through a given process or framework.
Flow
The depiction in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions, and outputs of one or more processes within a system.
Flowchart
An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project’s future based on information and knowledge available at the time of the forecast.
Forecast
An estimate of the amount of business functionality in an information system, used to calculate the functional size measurement of a software system.
Function Point
A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates.
Gantt Chart
The framework for directing and enabling an organization through its established policies, practices, and other relevant documentation.
Governance
A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use but do not share the same requirements for quality.
Grade
A chart that begins with high-level information that is progressively decomposed into lower levels of detail.
Hierarchy Chart
A bar chart that shows the graphical representation of numerical data.
Histogram
A combination of two or more agile and nonagile elements, having a nonagile end result.
Hybrid Approach
A strategic planning method that serves as a visual roadmap for the organization during product development.
Impact Mapping
An obstacle that prevents the team from achieving its objectives. Also known as a blocker.
Impediment
An adaptive development approach in which the deliverable is produced successively, adding functionality until the deliverable contains the necessary and sufficient capability to be considered complete.
Incremental Approach
A contract that provides for an indefinite quantity of goods or services, with a stated lower and upper limit, within a fixed time period.
Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ)
A graphical representation of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events, and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
Influence Diagram
A visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization, enabling timely knowledge sharing.
Information Radiator
Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
Initiating Process Group
A relationship between two or more project activities.
Internal Dependency
Skills used to establish and maintain relationships with other people.
Interpersonal Skills
A current condition or situation that may have an impact on the project objectives.
Issue
A project document where information about issues is recorded and monitored.
Issue Log
A timeboxed cycle of development on a product or deliverable in which all of the work that is needed to deliver value is performed.
Iteration
A detailed plan for the current iteration.
Iteration Plan
A meeting to clarify the details of the backlog items, acceptance criteria, and work effort required to meet an upcoming iteration commitment.
Iteration Planning
A meeting held at the end of an iteration to demonstrate the work that was accomplished during the iteration.
Iteration Review
A development approach that focuses on an initial, simplified implementation then progressively elaborates adding to the feature set until the final deliverable is complete
Iterative Approach
A visualization tool that shows work in progress to help identify bottlenecks and overcommitments, thereby allowing the team to optimize the workflow.
Kanban Board
A gathering of team members and other key stakeholders at the outset of a project to formally set expectations, gain a common understanding, and commence work.
Kickoff Meeting
A mixture of experience, values and beliefs, contextual information, intuition, and insight that people use to make sense of new experiences and information.
Knowledge
The amount of time whereby a successor activity will be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.
Lag
The concept of deferring a decision to allow the team to consider multiple options until the cost of further delay would exceed the benefit.
Last Responsible Moment
The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.
Lead
The time between a customer request and the actual delivery.
Lead Time
A diagram showing the trend over time of the average lead time of the items completed in work.
Lead Time Chart
A one-page template designed to communicate a business plan with key stakeholders in an efficient and effective manner.
Lean Startup Canvas
The knowledge gained during a project, which shows how project events were addressed or should be addressed in the future, for the purpose of improving future performance.
Lessons Learned
A project document used to record knowledge gained during a project, phase, or iteration so that it can be used to improve future performance for the team and the organization.
Lessons Learned Register
The series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion. Also known as project life cycle.
Life Cycle
A tool used to evaluate the total environmental impact of a product, process, or system.
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
A document used to record and describe or denote selected items identified during execution of a process or activity. Usually used with a modifier, such as issue, change, or assumption.
Log
The process of gathering and organizing data about product requirements and analyzing them against available alternatives including the purchase or internal manufacture of the product.
Make-or-Buy Analysis
An amount of the project budget or project schedule held outside of the performance measurement baseline for management control purposes that is reserved for unforeseen work that is within the project scope.
Management Reserve
A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work.
Mandatory Dependency
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with assessing project performance and taking appropriate actions to maintain acceptable performance.
Measurement Performance Domain
Measures that characterize physical or functional attributes relating to system operation.
Measures of Performance
A means for achieving an outcome, output, result, or project deliverable.
Method
A system of practices, techniques, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline.
Methodology
A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it.
Metric
A significant point or event in a project, program, or portfolio.
Milestone
A type of schedule that presents milestones with planned dates.
Milestone Schedule
A concept used to define the scope of the first release of a solution to customers by identifying the fewest number of features or requirements that would deliver value.
Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
Creating simplified representations of systems, solutions, or deliverables, such as prototypes, diagrams, or storyboards.
Modeling
Collect project performance data, produce performance measures, and report and disseminate performance information.
Monitor
Those processes required to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project; identify any areas in which changes to the plan are required; and initiate corresponding changes.
Monitoring and Controlling Process Group
A method of identifying the potential impacts of risk and uncertainty using multiple iterations of a computer model to develop a probability distribution of a range of outcomes that could result from a decision or course of action.
Monte Carlo Simulation
A visualization chart for tracking moods or reactions to identify areas for improvement.
Mood Chart
A method used to estimate cost or duration by applying an average or weighted average of optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely estimates when there is uncertainty with the individual activity estimates.
Multipoint Estimating
An index that measures the willingness of customers to recommend an organization’s products or services to others.
Net Promoter Score
A sequence of activities connected by logical relationships in a project schedule network diagram.
Network Path
Something toward which work is to be directed, a strategic position to be attained, a purpose to be achieved, a result to be obtained, a product to be produced, or a service to be performed.
Objective
A risk that would have a positive effect on one or more project objectives.
Opportunity
A hierarchical representation of the project organization, which illustrates the relationship between project activities and the organizational units that will perform those activities.
Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS)
Plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases that are specific to and used by the performing organization
Organizational Process Assets (OPA)
Means of receiving information without direct communication by overhearing and through nonverbal cues
Osmotic Communication
An end result or consequence of a process or project
Outcome
An estimating method in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters
Parametric Estimating
Integrated scope, schedule, and cost baselines used for comparison to manage, measure, and control project execution.
Performance Measurement Baseline (PMB)
A review at the end of a phase in which a decision is made to continue to the next phase, to continue with modification, or to end a project or program.
Phase Gate
A proposed means of accomplishing something.
Plan
The authorized budget assigned to scheduled work.
Planned Value (PV)
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the initial, ongoing, and evolving organization and coordination necessary for delivering project deliverables and results.
Planning Performance Domain
Those processes required to establish the scope of the project, refine the objectives, and define the course of action required to attain the objectives that the project was undertaken to achieve.
Planning Process Group
Projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives
Portfolio
The centralized management of one or more portfolios to achieve strategic objectives.
Portfolio Management
Within the quality management system, precision is an assessment of exactness
Precision
A development approach in which the project scope, time, and cost are determined in the early phases of the life cycle
Predictive Approach
A scatter diagram that plots effort against value so as to classify items by priority
Prioritization Matrix
Methods used to prioritize portfolio, program, or project components, as well as requirements, risks, features, or other product information
Prioritization Schema
A method used to develop a range of estimates along with the associated probabilities within that range
Probablistic Estimating
A grid for mapping the probability of occurrence of each risk and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs
Probability and Impact Matrix
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how a project team will acquire goods and services from outside of the performing organization
Procurement Management Plan
An artifact that is produced, is quantifiable, and can be either an end item in itself or a component item
Product
A hierarchical structure reflecting a product’s components and deliverables
Product Breakdown Structure
A series of phases that represent the evolution of a product, from concept through delivery, growth, maturity, and to retirement
Product Life Cycle
The integration of people, data, processes, and business systems to create, maintain, and evolve a product or service throughout its life cycle.
Product Management
A person responsible for maximizing the value of the product and accountable for the end product
Product Owner
The features and functions that characterize a product, service, or result.
Product Scope
Related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities that are managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually
Program
The application of knowledge, skills, and principles to a program to achieve the program objectives and obtain benefits and control not available by managing program components individually
Program Management
The iterative process of increasing the level of detail in a project management plan as greater amounts of information and more accurate estimates become available
Progressive Elaboration
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result
Project
A high-level overview of the goals, deliverables, and processes for the project
Project Brief
A calendar that identifies working days and shifts that are available for scheduled activities
Project Calendar
A document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities
Project Charter
The framework, functions, and processes that guide project management activities in order to create a unique product, service, or result to meet organizational, strategic, and operational goals
Project Governance
A person who helps the project team to achieve the project objectives, typically by orchestrating the work of the project
Project Lead
The series of phases that a project passes through from its start to its completion
Project Life Cycle
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements
Project Management
A term that describes the knowledge within the profession of project management
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
A management structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates the sharing of resources, methodologies, tools, and techniques
Project Management Office (PMO)
The document that describes how the project will be executed, monitored and controlled, and closed
Project Management Plan
A logical grouping of project management inputs, tools and techniques, and outputs. The Project Management Process Groups include Initiating processes, Planning processes, Executing processes, Monitoring and Controlling processes, and Closing processes
Project Management Process Group
The members of the project team who are directly involved in project management activities
Project Management Team
The person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives. See also project lead
Project Manager
A collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables
Project Phase
An event at the end of a phase or project to assess the status, evaluate the value delivered, and determine if the project is ready to move to the next phase or transition to operations
Project Review
An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources
Project Schedule
A graphical representation of the logical relationships among the project schedule activities
Project Schedule Network Diagram
The work performed to deliver a product, service, or result with the specified features and functions
Project Scope
The description of the project scope, major deliverables, and exclusions
Project Scope Statement
A set of individuals performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives
Project Team
A concise, high-level description of the project that states the purpose and inspires the team to contribute to the project
Project Vision Statement
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with establishing project processes, managing physical resources, and fostering a learning environment
Project Work Performance Domain
A working model used to obtain early feedback on the expected product before actually building it
Prototype
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements
Quality
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve the quality objectives
Quality Management Plan
A description of a project or product attribute and how to measure it
Quality Metrics
The basic principles that should govern the organization’s actions as it implements its system for quality management
Quality Policy
A project document that includes quality management issues, recommendations for corrective actions, and a summary of findings from quality control activities and may include recommendations for process, project, and product improvements
Quality Report
A written record of regular entries for evolving aspects of a project, such as risks, stakeholders, or defects
Register
An analytical method where a series of input variables are examined in relation to their corresponding output results in order to develop a mathematical or statistical relationship
Regression Analysis
Requirements imposed by a governmental body. These requirements can establish product, process, or service characteristics, including applicable administrative provisions that have government-mandated compliance
Regulations
A method for creating estimates that are derived from performing a comparison against a similar body of work, taking effort, complexity, and uncertainty into consideration
Relative Estimating
One or more components of one or more products, which are intended to be put into production at the same time
Release
The plan that sets expectations for the dates, features, and/or outcomes expected to be delivered over the course of multiple iterations
Release Plan
The process of identifying a high-level plan for releasing or transitioning a product, deliverable, or increment of value
Release Planning
A formal record or summary of information
Report
A condition or capability that is necessary to be present in a product, service, or result to satisfy a business need
Requirement
A record of product requirements and other product information, along with whatever is recorded to manage it
Requirements Documentation
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed
Requirements Management Plan
A grid that links product requirements from their origin to the deliverables that satisfy them
Requirements Traceability Matrix
A provision in the project management plan to mitigate cost and/or schedule risk, often used with a modifier (e.g. management reserve, contingency reserve) to provide further detail on what types of risk are meant to be mitigated)
Reserve
A method used to evaluate the amount of risk on the project and the amount of schedule and budget reserve to determine whether the reserve is sufficient for the remaining risk
Reserve Analysis
A hierarchical representation of resources by category and type
Resource Breakdown Structure
A component of the project management plan that describes how project resources are acquired, allocated, monitored, and controlled
Resource Management Plan
An assignment that can be delegated within a project management plan such that the assigned resource incurs a duty to perform the requirements of the assignment
Responsibility
A grid that shows the project resources assigned to each work package
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
An output from performing project management processes and activities. See also deliverable
Result
A regularly occurring workshop in which participants explore their work and results in order to improve both the process and product
Retrospective
Action taken to bring a defective or nonconforming component into compliance with requirements or specifications
Rework
An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives
Risk
A risk response strategy whereby the project team decides to acknowledge the risk and not take any action unless the risk occurs
Risk Acceptance
A backlog that includes product work and actions to address threats and opportunities
Risk-Adjusted Backlog
The degree of uncertainty an organization or individual is willing to accept in anticipation of a reward
Risk Appetite
A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to eliminate the threat or protect the project from its impact
Risk Avoidance
A hierarchical representation of potential sources of risks
Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS)
A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to increase the probability of occurrence or impact of an opportunity
Risk Enhancement
A risk response strategy whereby the team acknowledges that a risk is outside of its sphere of influence and shifts the ownership of the risk to a higher level of the organization where it is more effectively managed
Risk Escalation
A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to ensure that an opportunity occurs
Risk Exploiting
An aggregate measure of the potential impact of all risks at any given point in time in a project, program, or portfolio
Risk Exposure
A component of the project, program, or portfolio management plan that describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed
Risk Management Plan
A risk response strategy whereby the project team acts to decrease the probability of occurrence or impact of a threat
Risk Mitigation
A repository in which outputs of risk management processes are recorded
Risk Register
A project document that summarizes information on individual project risks and the level of overall project risk
Risk Report
The process of analyzing the status of existing risks and identifying new risks. May also be known as risk reassessment
Risk Review
A risk response strategy whereby the project team allocates ownership of an opportunity to a third party who is best able to capture the benefit of that opportunity
Risk Sharing
The measure of acceptable variation around an objective that reflects the risk appetite of the organization and stakeholders. See also risk appetite
Risk Threshold
A risk response strategy whereby the project team shifts the impact of a threat to a third party, together with ownership of the response
Risk Transference
A high-level time line that depicts such things as milestones, significant events, reviews, and decision points
Roadmap
A defined function to be performed by a project team member, such as testing, filing, inspecting, or coding
Role
An iterative planning method in which the work to be accomplished in the near term is planned in detail, while the work in the future is planned at a higher level
Rolling Wave Planning
An analytical method used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance or a defect or a risk
Root Cause Analysis
A graph that shows the relationship between two variables
Scatter Diagram
An output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources. Also known as project schedule
Schedule
The approved version of a schedule model that can be changed using formal change control procedures and is used as the basis for comparison to actual results
Schedule Baseline
A method used to shorten the schedule duration without reducing the project scope
Schedule Compression
Estimates or predictions of conditions and events in the project’s future based on information and knowledge available at the time the schedule is calculated
Schedule Forecasts
A component of the project or program management plan that establishes the criteria and the activities for developing, monitoring, and controlling the schedule
Schedule Management Plan
A representation of the plan for executing the project’s activities including durations, dependencies, and other planning information, used to produce a project schedule along with other scheduling artifacts
Schedule Model
A measure of schedule efficiency expressed as the ratio of earned value to planned value
Schedule Performance Index (SPI)
A measure of schedule performance expressed as the difference between the earned value and the planned value
Schedule Variance (SV)
The sum of the products, services, and results to be provided as a project. See also project scope and product scope
Scope
The approved version of a scope statement, work breakdown structure (WBS), and its associated WBS dictionary that can be changed using formal change control procedures and is used as the basis for comparison to actual results
Scope Baseline
The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost, and resources
Scope Creep
A component of the project or program management plan that describes how the scope will be defined, developed, monitored, controlled, and validated
Scope Management Plan
A graph that displays cumulative costs over a specified period of time
S-Curve
A cross-functional team in which people assume leadership as needed to achieve the team’s objective
Self-Organizing Team
An analysis method to determine which individual project risks or other sources of uncertainty have the most potential impact on project outcomes by correlating variations in project outcomes with variations in elements of a quantitative risk analysis model
Sensitivity Analysis
The practice of leading the team by focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team members in order to enable the highest possible team performance
Servant Leadership
An analytical method that models the combined effect of uncertainties to evaluate their potential impact on objectives
Simulation
An estimating method that involves using data to calculate a single value which reflects a best guess estimate
Single-Point Estimating
A precise statement of the needs to be satisfied and the essential characteristics that are required
Specification
A person or group who provides resources and support for the project, program, or portfolio and is accountable for enabling success
Sponsor
A short time interval within a project during which a usable and potentially releasable increment of the product is created. See also iteration
Sprint
An individual, group, or organization that may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project, program, or portfolio
Stakeholder
A method of systematically gathering and analyzing quantitative and qualitative information to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project
Stakeholder Analysis
A matrix that compares current and desired stakeholder engagement levels
Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
A component of the project management plan that identifies the strategies and actions required to promote productive involvement of stakeholders in project or program decision making and execution
Stakeholder Engagement Plan
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with stakeholders
Stakeholder Performance Domain
A project document that includes information about project stakeholders including an assessment and classification of project stakeholders
Stakeholder Register
A document established by an authority, custom, or general consent as a model or example
Standard
A narrative description of products, services, or results to be delivered by the project
Statement of Work (SOW)
A regularly scheduled meeting to exchange and analyze information about the current progress of the project and its performance
Status Meeting
A report on the current status of the project
Status Report
An advisory body of senior stakeholders who provide direction and support for the project team and make decisions outside the project team’s authority
Steering Committee
A visual model of all the features and functionality desired for a given product, created to give the team a holistic view of what they are building and why
Story Map
A unit used to estimate the relative level of effort needed to implement a user story
Story Point
A high-level document that explains an organization’s vision and mission plus the approach that will be adopted to achieve this mission and vision, including the specific goals and objectives to be achieved during the period covered by the document
Strategic Plan
Documents created prior to or at the start of the project that address strategic, business, or high-level information about the project
Strategy Artifacts
A method in which multiple team members focus collectively on resolving a specific problem or task
Swarm
Analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization, project, or option
SWOT Analysis
Personal knowledge that can be difficult to articulate and share such as beliefs, experience, and insights
Tacit Knowledge
The deliberate adaptation of approach, governance, and processes to make them more suitable for the given environment and the work at hand
Tailoring
A visual representation of the progress of the planned work that allows everyone to see the status of the tasks
Task Board
A document that records the team values, agreements, and operating guidelines, as well as establishes clear expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members
Team Charter
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with the people who are responsible for producing project deliverables that realize business outcomes
Team Performance Domain
Quantifiable measures of technical performance that are used to ensure system components meet the technical requirements
Technical Performance Measures
A partially complete document in a predefined format that provides a defined structure for collecting, organizing, and presenting information and data
Template
A document describing deliverables that will be tested, tests that will be conducted, and the processes that will be used in testing
Test Plan
A risk that would have a negative effect on one or more project objectives
Threat
A predetermined value of a measurable project variable that represents a limit that requires action to be taken if it is reached
Threshold
The number of items passing through a process
Throughput
A diagram that shows the accepted deliverables over time
Throughput Chart
A type of contract that is a hybrid contractual arrangement containing aspects of both cost-reimbursable and fixed-price contracts
Time and Materials Contract (T&M)
A short, fixed period of time in which work is to be completed
Timebox
The quantified description of acceptable variation for a quality requirement
Tolerance
An analytical method that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes based on historical results
Trend Analysis
A framework for considering the full cost of doing business by evaluating a company’s bottom line from the perspective of profit, people, and the planet
Triple Bottom Line
A lack of understanding and awareness of issues, events, path to follow, or solutions to pursue
Uncertainty
The performance domain that addresses activities and functions associated with risk and uncertainty
Uncertainty Domain
An artifact for describing and exploring how a user interacts with a system to achieve a specific goal
Use Case
A brief description of an outcome for a specific user, which is a promise for a conversation to clarify details
User Story
The assurance that a product, service, or result meets the needs of the customer and other identified stakeholders. See also verification
Validation
The worth, importance, or usefulness of something
Value
A project delivery support structure that focuses on coaching teams; building agile skills and capabilities throughout the organization; and mentoring sponsors and product owners to be more effective in those roles
Value Delivery Office (VDO)
A collection of strategic business activities aimed at building, sustaining, and/or advancing an organization
Value Delivery System
The value of a product or service that an organization communicates to its customers
Value Proposition
A display of the critical steps in a process and the time taken in each step used to identify waste
Value Stream Map
A lean enterprise method used to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer
Value Stream Mapping
A measure that appears to show some result but does not provide useful information for making decisions
Vanity Metric
A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value
Variance
A method for determining the cause and degree of difference between the baseline and actual performance
Variance Analysis
A projection of the amount of budget deficit or surplus, expressed as the difference between the budget at completion and the estimate at completion
Variance at Completion (VAC)
A measure of a team’s productivity rate at which the deliverables are produced, validated, and accepted within a predefined interval
Velocity
A chart that tracks the rate at which the deliverables are produced, validated, and accepted within a predefined interval
Velocity Chart
The evaluation of whether or not a product, service, or result complies with a regulation, requirement, specification, or imposed condition. See also validation
Verification
A group of people with a shared goal who work in different locations and who engage with each other primarily through phone and other electronic communications
Virtual Team
A summarized, high-level description about the expectations for a product such as target market, users, major benefits, and what differentiates the product from others in the market
Vision Statement
Artifacts that organize and present data and information in a visual format, such as charts, graphs, matrices, and diagrams
Visual Data and Information
A planning method used to provide products, services, and results that truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each phase of project or product development
Voice of the Customer
The possibility for rapid and unpredictable change
Volatility
Activities that consume resources and/or time without adding value
Waste
A document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the work breakdown structure
WBS Dictionary
The process of evaluating scenarios in order to predict their effect on project objectives
What-If-Scenario Analysis
An estimating method in which subject matter experts go through multiple rounds of producing estimates individually, with a team discussion after each round, until a consensus is achieved
Wideband Delphi
A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
The work defined at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure for which cost and duration are estimated and managed
Work Package
