Study Guides Flashcards
Define mental health vs mental illness.
Mental Health: State of well-being in which the person realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community
Mental Illness: A health condition that affects a persons thinking, feeling, behavior, or mood. Such condition may affect someones ability to relate to others and function each day.
Be familiar with therapeutic vs non-therapeutic communication techniques.
Therapeutic: Active listening, Restating, Broad opening, Clarification, Reflection, Sharing perceptions, Suggesting, Focusing, Theme identification
Non-Therapeutic: Interrupting patient, Using medical jargon, Offering personal opinions, Showing disapproval, lack of eye contact, Being defensive, Overgeneralization, Abruptly changing topics, Impatience, False reassurance…
What is Milieu therapy? Why is it particularly helpful in mental health?
A client’s structured, therapeutic environment.
What classifies Mental health disordes
DSM-5
Know Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. i.e., What takes priority in an inpatient psych unit?
Physiological Needs, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Self Esteem, Self Actualization
If your patient reports that they do not have a place to live, which treatment team member should be included?
Social Worker, or Case management
Define capacity & competency; know that they are not the same
Competency: Legal term used to describe a persons global ability to make decisions
Determined by a court or a judge
Capacity: Clinical assessment of a patient’s ability to make specific healthcare decisions
Determined by a physician
Why do some people who take medications experience resolution of clinical manifestations of their mental illness while other people experience relapse or worsening clinical symptoms?
Because everyone is unique
Why is cultural competency important in nursing?
Respect the culture of the client and provide holistic care
Be familiar with documentation requirements for restraints
Orders for restraint obtained as soon as possible, no longer than 1 hour
For nonviolent restraints continuation orders every 24 hours
Documenting every 2 hours
Violent restraints continue for Adults (Every 4 hours), Adolescents 9-17 (Every 2 hours), and children under 9 (Every hour) and must be monitored every 15 minutes.
Documenting every 15 minutes
What are the least restrictive alternatives?
Attempting to de-escalate patient behavior, Reassessing patient medication, Keeping bed in the lowest position, Using diversionary activities, Toileting every 2-3 hours, and Making sure physical and emotional needs are met
Be familiar with the DSM-5 criteria & Etiology for Schizophrenia
Two or more of these symptoms must be present for at least 1 month
Hallucinations
Delusions
Disorganized speech
Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms, Continuous disturbance for 6 months
- Social or occupational dysfunction for significant periods
Be able to recognize Positive and Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Positive: Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized speech and thought
Negative: Blunted affect, Anhedonia, Alogia, Avolition, Social withdrawal
Be able to recognize and know the definition of Extrapyramidal Side Effects (EPS): Dystonia, Pseudoparkinsonism, Akathisia & Tardive Dyskinesia
Dystonia: Repetitive muscle contractions that cause twisting or repetitive movements, abnormal postures, or tremors, Oculogyric crisis
Pseudoparkinsonism: Muscle rigidity, masked facies, shuffling gait, resting tremor
Akathisia: a movement disorder characterized by an intense and uncontrollable urge to move
Tardive Dyskinesia: involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities
What are some non-pharmacologic interventions for psychotic disorders?
Safety, being with the person
How are 1st and 2nd generation antipsychotics different? Why are 2nd generation preferred for first line therapy?
1st Gen: Treat positive symptoms, Cause Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)
2nd Gen: Treat both positive and negative symptoms, cause metabolic syndrome (Weight gain, etc)
What to monitor while someone is on clozapine
CBC
What action should the nurse take for a client who is experiencing hallucinations?
Monitor for safety, be empathetic, therapeutic response
DSM-5 criteria & Predisposing factors: Substance Use Disorder (SUD) & Addiction
A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significantly impaired distress as manifested by three or more of the following, occurring at any time in a 12 month period
Increased amounts
Cravings
Inability to cut down
Increased Time spent using
Negative impact on work, school, and or home
Be able to identify Opioid toxicity symptoms, know the reversal agent for opioids
Constricted pupils
- Reversal agent: Narcan
Be familiar with non-pharmacologic treatment options for substance use disorders
counseling, Talk therapy
Misconceptions regarding clients with SUD, how might misconceptions impact patient care
Dangerous, Homeless, Lack of moral failing
Why is it important to recognize early warning signs related to substance use
Improve treatment outcomes
What are the key differences between Major Depressive Disorder and Grief?
Meet the time frame and diagnostic criteria.
