Study Guide: The Human Body Flashcards
What is Human Anatomy?
The scientific study of the structures of the human body
Includes macroscopic (gross) and microscopic anatomy.
Define macroscopic anatomy.
Study of larger structures visible to the naked eye.
Define microscopic anatomy.
Study of smaller structures requiring magnification (e.g., cells and tissues).
What is Regional Anatomy?
Study of all structures in a specific region of the body.
Give examples of Regional Anatomy.
- Head
- Neck
- Thorax
- Limbs
What is the purpose of studying Regional Anatomy?
Helps in understanding how structures within a region function together.
Define Systemic Anatomy.
Study of structures that make up a discrete body system.
Provide examples of body systems studied in Systemic Anatomy.
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
- Cardiovascular system
What does Anatomy deal with?
The structure of body parts.
What does Physiology concern?
The function of body parts.
What is the Form-Function Relationship?
Understanding structure aids in comprehending its function, and vice versa.
How does the opposable thumb relate to the Form-Function Relationship?
It enables grasping and manipulation of objects.
What do the eyeball muscles illustrate?
The arrangement allows for precise and rapid eye movements necessary for vision.
What is the Chemical Level in the organization of the human body?
Includes subatomic particles, atoms, and molecules.
What are the basic units of chemical elements?
Atoms.
Define cells in the Cellular Level.
The basic units of life, each enclosed by a cell membrane.
What are organelles?
Specialized structures within cells, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
What defines a tissue?
Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
List the types of tissues.
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
What is an organ?
Structures composed of multiple tissue types, each performing specific functions.
Provide examples of organs.
- Heart
- Liver
- Lungs
- Brain
Define Organ System Level.
Groups of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.
Give examples of organ systems.
- Digestive system
- Respiratory system
- Circulatory system
What is the Organismal Level?
The highest level of organization, representing the complete living being.
What is the purpose of the Anatomical Position?
Ensures consistency and clarity in anatomical descriptions.
Describe the Anatomical Position.
Body standing upright, feet parallel, arms at sides with palms facing forward.
What is the Sagittal Plane?
Divides the body into right and left portions.
What does the Frontal (Coronal) Plane do?
Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
What is the function of the Transverse Plane?
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
What does Anterior (Ventral) refer to?
Front of the body.
What does Posterior (Dorsal) refer to?
Back of the body.
Define Superior (Cranial).
Above or toward the head.
Define Inferior (Caudal).
Below or toward the tail.
What does Lateral mean?
Toward the side of the body.
What does Medial refer to?
Toward the midline of the body.
Define Proximal.
Closer to the point of attachment.
Define Distal.
Farther from the point of attachment.
What does Superficial mean?
Closer to the surface of the body.
Define Deep.
Further from the surface of the body.
