Study guide test three Poli sci

Question 1

Public Opinion: Opinion Polls

Answer 1

Primary method for estimating public sentiment. A relatively few individuals are interviewed in order to estimate the views or sentiments of the public.

Question 2

Public Opinion: Direction

Answer 2

An opinion dimension; whether people have a pro or con opinion on an issue

Question 3

Public Opinion: Saliency

Answer 3

An opinion dimension; how highly people rank an issue relative to other issues.

Question 4

Public Opinion: Intensity

Answer 4

An opinion dimension; how strongly people feel about an issue.

Question 5

Third Party System

Answer 5

Party era defined by debates over the union, civil rights, monetary policy, and industrialization

*Reconstruction: Post Civil War, Southern states reincorporated into union under military supervision, freed slaves incorporated into citizenship

*Recon. Amend: 13th, 14th, & 15th amend. which abolished slavery, guaranteed equal protection under law by fed. gov., protect voting rights of African Americans

*Gilded Age: 2nd half of era, rapid industrialization sparked political battles between business and labor, corporate power grew, financial panics caused monetary chaos and mass immigration of low-skilled labor led to depressed wages and industrial, urban slums

R position:Enfranchisement & voting rights for freedmen (former slaves), protective tariffs, the gold standard, civil service reform

D position: End to Reconstruction, free trade, bimetallism, (currency backed by gold and silver), pro-labor reforms

ENDED with major Repub. electoral votes, new issues arising in foreign policy, new methods of campaign finance as civil service reform undercut patronage networks

Question 6

Fourth Party System

Answer 6

Party era in which republican presidents dominated, foreign policy became a major issue, corporate power became the major economic issue, and the Progressive movement arose in both parties

Pres. William McKinley 1896 victory began Repub. dominance era in executive branch.

Progressive Party: Bull Moose Party

ENDED cause of Great Depression and New Deal realignment

Question 7

Fifth Party System

Answer 7

Party era defined by the rise of the administrative state, increasing government intervention in the economy, Democratic dominance in presidential elections, and increasingly ideological divisions between the two major parties

Great Depression: Worldwide economic crash

New Deal: FDR’s economic platform for managing the Great Depression

ENDED when Richard Nixon wins presidency by taking advantage of a split in the New Deal coalition between Hubert Humphrey (D candidate) and George Wallace (American Independence Party candidate, pro segregation)

Question 8

Sixth Party System

Question 9

Law that shapes public opinion: Natural Law

Question 10

Law that shapes public opinion: Civil Law

Question 11

Law that shapes public opinion: Divine Law

Question 12

Law of Fashion

Question 13

Term related to parties: Platform

Question 14

Term related to parties: Realignment

Answer 14

Elections where the electorate responds strongly to an extrodinarily powerful issue that disrupted political order. Has a lasting impact on public policy, popular support for the parties, and the composition of the party coalition

Question 15

Term related to parties: Base

Question 16

Term related to parties: Establishment

Question 17

Term related to parties: Third Parties

Answer 17

Also called minor parties.

Question 18

Term related to parties: First-Past-The-Post

Question 19

Events/terms involving parties: Gilded Age

Answer 19

2nd half of era, rapid industrialization sparked political battles between business and labor, corporate power grew, financial panics caused monetary chaos and mass immigration of low-skilled labor led to depressed wages and industrial, urban slums

Question 20

Events/terms involving parties: Silent Majority

Question 21

Events/terms involving parties: Genet Affair

Question 22

Events/terms involving parties: Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Question 23

Events/terms involving parties: Jay’s Treaty

Question 24

Events/terms involving parties: Missouri Compromise

Question 25

Events/terms involving parties: 1850 Compromise

Question 26

Events/terms involving parties: Quasi War

Question 27

Events/terms involving parties: popular sovereignty

Question 28

Events/terms involving parties: Internal Improvements

Question 29

Events/terms involving parties: Manifest Destiny

Question 30

Events/terms involving parties: Hartford Convention

Question 31

Events/terms involving parties: Era of Good Feelings

Question 32

Events/terms involving parties: Corrupt Bargain

Question 33

Related to the Press: Yellow Journalism

Question 34

Related to the Press: Public Square

Question 35

Related to the Press: Invisible Governors

Question 36

Related to the Press: Propaganda

Answer 36

The communication of information to spread certain ideas, beliefs, or practices and shape or influence public opinion

Question 37

Related to the Press: Libel

Answer 37

Publication of false material that damages a person’s reputation

Question 38

Related to the Press: Prior Restraint

Answer 38

Government prohibition of speech or publication before the fact, which is presumed by the courts to be unconstitutional unless the justification for it is overwhelming

Question 39

Related to the Press: Framing

Answer 39

Process by which the media play up certain aspects of a situation while downplaying other aspects, causing a particular interpretation of the situation

Question 40

Related to the Press: Gatekeeping

Answer 40

When the media determines what messages will be transmitted to the public, in turn effecting what citizens see/hear and thus what they will think/talk about

Question 41

Related to the Press: Agenda-Setting

Answer 41

The power of the media through the news coverage to focus the public’s attention and concern on particular events, problems, issues, personalities, and so on.

Question 42

***Public Opinion: Overton Window

Answer 42

Political theory that describes a precise window of opportunity for passing legislation. It is the sweet spot of public opinion - a time in which a certain policy is considered politically viable and acceptable in the climate of public opinion. Significance: the feasibility of passing legislation and the perceived extremity of the politician largely depends on the Overton Window. This will obviously affect existing law, but may also play a role in politicians’ chances for reelection.

Question 43

Which two parties emerged in the First Party System?

Answer 43

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Question 44

Which two parties emerged in the Second Party System?

Answer 44

Democratic and Whig parties

Question 45

Which party emerged after the collapse of the Whig Party following the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Answer 45

The Republican Party

Question 46

Progressive (Bull Moose Party) as an important third party

Answer 46

formed by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 after losing Repub. party nomination. This split the republican vote securing Demo. election of Woodrow Wilson

Question 47

Which party supported the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

Answer 47

Democratic-Republic

Question 48

Which party supported the American System?

Answer 48

The Whig Party

Question 49

***What are the three elements of the three-legged stool political coalition?

Answer 49

The “three-legged stool” was a conservative movement. Each leg represented anticommunism, free-market economics, and religious traditionalism.