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chemisty > study guide terms > Flashcards

study guide terms Flashcards

1
Q

alloys

A

mixtures of elements designed to have the properties useful for a particular purpose

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2
Q

atoms

A

the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

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3
Q

diffusion

A

the process by which different fluids mix as a result of the random

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4
Q

endothermic

A

a process or chemical reaction which taken in heat from the surrounding

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5
Q

exothermic

A

a process or chemical reaction in which heat energy is produced and released to the surroundings

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6
Q

fluids

A

a gas or liquid that are able to flow

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7
Q

insoluble

A

a substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent

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8
Q

matter

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

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9
Q

miscrible

A

if two liquids form a completely uniform mixture when added together, they are said to be miscrible

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10
Q

mixture

A

two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined- the substances can be separated by physical means

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11
Q

molecules

A

a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

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12
Q

precipitate

A

an insoluble salt formed during a precipitation reaction

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13
Q

saturated solution

A

a solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible at a particular temperature

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14
Q

soluble

A

a solute that dissolbes in a particular solvent

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15
Q

solute

A

the solid substance that has dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

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15
Q

solution

A

formed when a substance dissolves into into another substance

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16
Q

solvent

A

the liquid that dissolves the solid solute to form a solution; water is the most common solvent but liquids in organic chemistry that can act as solvents are called organic solvents

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17
Q

suspension

A

a mixture containing small particles of an insoluble solid, or droplets of an insoluble liquid, spread throughout a liquid

18
Q

volatility

A

the property of how easily a liquid evaporates

19
Q

element

A

a substance which cannot be further divided into simpler substances by chemical methods

20
Q

compound

A

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions

21
Q

electron

A

a subatomic particles with negligible mass and a charge of -1

22
Q

proton

A

a subatomic particles with a relative mass of 1 and a charge of +1

23
Q

neutron

A

an uncharged subatomic particles present in the nuclei of atoms

24
Q

nucleus

A

the central region of an atom that is made up of the protons and neutrons of the atom

25
Q

subatomic particle

A

very small particles- protons, neutrons and electrons from which all atoms are made

26
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

27
Q

mass/nucleon number

A

practical measure of quantity of a sample found by weighing on a balance

28
Q

isotope

A

atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but a different nucleon number

29
Q

electron shell

A

the allowed energy energies of electrons in atoms- electrons fill these shells starting with the one closest to the nucleus

30
Q

atomic theory

A

a model of the atom in which electrons can only occupy certain electron shells moving outwards from the nucleus of an atom

31
Q

group number

A

the number of the vertical column that an element is in on the periodic table

32
Q

period numer

A

the horizontal row of the periodic table that an element is in

33
Q

noble gases

A

elements in group VIII a group of stable very unreactive gases

34
Q

what are the exceptions to Aufbau principle

A

cr, Mo, W, pD, Cu,Au

35
Q

Solid

A

Has a fixed volume, a high density, has a definite shape and does not flow

36
Q

liquid

A

has a fized volume, a moderate to high density, no definite shape/ takes shape of the container and flows easily

37
Q

gas

A

no fixed volume- expands to fill the container, low density, no definite shape, flows easily

38
Q

melting

A

a pure substance melts suddenly at a particular temperature

39
Q

freezing

A

the reverse takes place sharply at the same temperature

40
Q

boiling points of water

A

100 degrees celsuis

41
Q

boiling point

A

The process of change from liquid to gas at the boiling point of the substance. A condition under which gas bubbles are able to form within a liquid

42
Q

evaporation

A

a process occurring at the surface of a liquid, involving the change of state from a liquid into a vapour at a temperature below the boiling point

chemisty (1 decks)

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