Study Guide Semester 1 Final

Question 1

Zimmerman Telegraph

Answer 1

a telegraph sent by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann revealing a plan to renew unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan if the United States declared war on Germany

Question 2

Espionage act

Answer 2

prohibited obtaining information, recording pictures, or copying descriptions of any information relating to the national defense with intent or reason to believe that the information may be used for the injury of the United States or to the advantage of any foreign nation

Question 3

Sedition Act

Answer 3

made it a crime for American citizens to “print, utter, or publish… any false, scandalous, and malicious writing” about the government

Question 4

Schenck v US

Answer 4

Charles Schenck was charged under the Espionage Act for mailing printed circulars critical of the military draft. The Court ruled that freedom of speech and freedom of the press under the First Amendment could be limited only if the words in the circumstances created “a clear and present danger.

Question 5

19th Amendment

Answer 5

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex AKA gave women the right to vote

Question 6

Isolation v Intervention

Answer 6

What is isolationism? a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. What is interventionism? Direct involvement by one country in another country’s affairs.

Question 7

War at Home

Answer 7

The United States home front during World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls. There was a general feeling of agreement that the sacrifices were for the national good during the war.

Question 8

Selective Service

Answer 8

an independent agency of the United States government that maintains information on U.S. citizens and other U.S. residents potentially subject to military conscription (i.e., the draft) and carries out contingency planning and preparations for two types of draft: a general draft based on registration lists of men aged 18–25, and a special-skills draft based on professional licensing lists of workers in specified health care occupations.

Question 9

Wilson’s 14 Points

Answer 9

a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I.
1. Open diplomacy without secret treaties
2. Economic free trade on the seas during war and peace
3. Equal trade conditions
4. Decrease armaments among all nations
5. Adjust colonial claims
6. Evacuation of all Central Powers from Russia and allow it to define its own independence
7. Belgium to be evacuated and restored
8. Return of Alsace-Lorraine region and all French territories
9. Readjust Italian borders
10. Austria-Hungary to be provided an opportunity for self-determination
11. Redraw the borders of the Balkan region creating Roumania, Serbia and Montenegro
12. Creation of a Turkish state with guaranteed free trade in the Dardanelles
13. Creation of an independent Polish state
14. Creation of the League of Nations

Question 10

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 10

The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919 at the Palace of Versailles in Paris at the end of World War I, codified peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies. The Treaty of Versailles held Germany responsible for starting the war and imposed harsh penalties on the Germans, including loss of territory, massive reparations payments and demilitarization.

Question 11

League of Nations

Answer 11

the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

Question 12

Henry Cabot Lodge’s Arguments Against League of Nations

Answer 12

Lodge’s key objection to the League of Nations was Article X, which required all signatory nations to repel aggression of any kind if ordered to do so by the League. Lodge rejected an open-ended commitment that might subordinate the national security interests of the United States to the demands of the League.

Question 13

Impacts of WW1

Answer 13

destroyed empires, created numerous new nation-states, encouraged independence movements in Europe’s colonies, forced the United States to become a world power and led directly to Soviet communism and the rise of Hitler, new technology

Question 14

Red Scare

Answer 14

a form of public hysteria provoked by fear of the rise, supposed or real, of leftist ideologies in a society, especially communism

Question 15

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 15

charged with committing robbery and the murder Alessandro Berardelli and Frederick Parmenter at the Slater and Morrill shoe factory in South Braintree. Their trial aroused intense controversy because it was widely believed that the evidence against the men was flimsy, and that they were being prosecuted for their immigrant background and their radical political beliefs.

Question 16

Harding Return to Normalcy

Answer 16

a campaign slogan used by Warren G. Harding during the 1920 presidential election, Harding wanted to restore life to how it was before the war.

Question 17

National Origins Act

Answer 17

A law that severely restricted immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated against immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and virtually excluded Asians. The policy stayed in effect until the 1960s.

Question 18

Emergency Quota Act

Answer 18

law that limited the number of immigrants to the U.S to 357,000 people per year

Question 19

Great Migration

Answer 19

one of the largest movements of people in United States history. Approximately six million Black people moved from the American South to Northern, Midwestern, and Western states roughly from the 1910s until the 1970s.

Question 20

Red Summer

Answer 20

a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, and in one rural county in Arkansas

Question 21

Tulsa Race Riots

Answer 21

a two-day-long white supremacist terrorist[13][14] massacre[15] that took place between May 31 and June 1, 1921, when mobs of white residents, some of whom had been appointed as deputies and armed by city government officials,[16] attacked black residents and destroyed homes and businesses of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The event is considered one of the worst incidents of racial violence in American history.[17][18] The attackers burned and destroyed more than 35 square blocks of the neighborhood—at the time one of the wealthiest black communities in the United States, colloquially known as “Black Wall Street”.

Question 22

Prohibition/18 Amendment

Answer 22

prohibited the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors” in the United States.

Question 23

Fundamentalism v Modernism

Answer 23

Fundamentalism emphasizes authority and fixed creeds (faith) in religion; modernism emphasizes freedom and progress in religious thought.

Question 24

Flappers

Answer 24

a fashionable young woman intent on enjoying herself and flouting conventional standards of behavior

Question 25

Harlem Renaissance/American Dream

Answer 25

African Americans redefined the American Dream. Instead of trying to be while they were encouraged to because The New Negro: the African American who embraces their heritage.

Question 26

Consumerism

Answer 26

the belief that excessive consumption of goods has a positive effect on the economy and that companies should create goods and services that consumers most desire.

Question 27

What event pulled the US into ww1 and why was that event enough to change the mind of people opposed to entering the war?

Answer 27

Public opinion began to shift away from neutrality following Germany’s sinking of the Lusitania in May 1915, which resulted in the deaths of nearly 1,200 passengers, including 128 Americans.

Question 28

How did the case Scheck v united states reveal the complex relationship between freedom of speech and a nation at war?

Answer 28

The Court ruled in Scheck v. United States (1919) that speech creating a “clear and present danger” is not protected under the First Amendment. This decision shows how the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the First Amendment sometimes sacrifices individual freedoms in order to preserve social order.

Question 29

Why were some Americans opposed to joining the League of Nations and how did their rationalization appeal to Americans after the war?

Answer 29

Motivated by Republican concerns that the League would commit the United States to an expensive organization that would reduce the United States’ ability to defend its own interests, Lodge led the opposition to joining the League.

Question 30

Henry Ford

Answer 30

Henry Ford was an American industrialist and business magnate. He was the founder of Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production.

Question 31

Credit/Installment/Loans/Buying on Margin

Answer 31

During the 1920s many Americans bought high-cost items, such as refrigerators and cars, on the installment plan, under which they would make a small down payment and pay the rest in monthly installments. Some buyers reached a point where paying off their debts forced them to reduce other purchases.