Study Guide for Pioneers of Computer Science Flashcards
What did Charles Babbage create plans to build?
Analytical Engine
What is Ada Lovelace known as?
The First Programmer
What did Gottfried Wilhelmina Leibniz invent?
Calculus
What code did Alan Turing break during WWII?
The Enigma Code
What abstract machine did Alan Turing create?
Turing Machine
What is game theory?
Examines how individuals (or “players”) make decisions in situations where the outcome depends not only on their own actions but also on the actions of others
What is the Von Neumann architecture?
Von Neumann architecture is a computer architecture model
What algorithm is Edsger W. Dijkstra famous for?
The Shortest Path
In modern day, what are some examples of where the shortest path is used?
Used in modern mapping apps (like google maps)
What did John Mauchly and J. Prosper Eckert design?
The ENIAC
Why don’t we hear about The Women of ENIAC enough?
They were not given the recognition they deserved due to gender bias, a lack of publicity, and the undervaluing of programming work.
What does ENIAC stand for and what was it?
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer; first programmable electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945
What programming language did Grace Hopper invent and what language did that lead to?
Invented the language FLOW-MATIC which led to COBOL
Which programming language and operating system did Dennis Ritchie create?
C Programming Language and the UNIX operating system
What space mission did Margaret Hamilton assist?
Apollo 11 which used the Apollo Guidance Computer that Margaret Hamilton worked on
Which software company did Bill Gates co-found?
Microsoft
Which Tech company did Steve Jobs co-found?
Apple
Which app did Luis von Ahn invent?
Invented Duolingo
What is CAPTCHA?
CAPTCHA is a challenge—response test used in computing to determine if the user is human
Which company does Shigeru Miyamoto work for?
Video game designer, producer and director at Nintendo
Which famous games did Shigeru Miyamoto create?
Donkey Kong, Mario Bros, Zelda
What dit Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn invent?
They invented the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) which governs how data is transmitted and routed across networks
What did Tim Berners Lee invent and why?
World Wide Web (WWW); used originally to share information between scientists and universities
What company did Larry Page and Sergei Brin create?
What was the name of
Google before the one we know?
Originally called Pagerank
What was special about how Google works?
Algorithm ranked web pages based on their relevance, determined by the number of link pointing to the and the quality of those links
