Study Guide for Pioneers of Computer Science

Question 1

What did Charles Babbage create plans to build?

Answer 1

Analytical Engine

Question 2

What is Ada Lovelace known as?

Answer 2

The First Programmer

Question 3

What did Gottfried Wilhelmina Leibniz invent?

Answer 3

Calculus

Question 4

What code did Alan Turing break during WWII?

Answer 4

The Enigma Code

Question 5

What abstract machine did Alan Turing create?

Answer 5

Turing Machine

Question 6

What is game theory?

Answer 6

Examines how individuals (or “players”) make decisions in situations where the outcome depends not only on their own actions but also on the actions of others

Question 7

What is the Von Neumann architecture?

Answer 7

Von Neumann architecture is a computer architecture model

Question 8

What algorithm is Edsger W. Dijkstra famous for?

Answer 8

The Shortest Path

Question 9

In modern day, what are some examples of where the shortest path is used?

Answer 9

Used in modern mapping apps (like google maps)

Question 10

What did John Mauchly and J. Prosper Eckert design?

Answer 10

The ENIAC

Question 11

Why don’t we hear about The Women of ENIAC enough?

Answer 11

They were not given the recognition they deserved due to gender bias, a lack of publicity, and the undervaluing of programming work.

Question 12

What does ENIAC stand for and what was it?

Answer 12

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer; first programmable electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945

Question 13

What programming language did Grace Hopper invent and what language did that lead to?

Answer 13

Invented the language FLOW-MATIC which led to COBOL

Question 14

Which programming language and operating system did Dennis Ritchie create?

Answer 14

C Programming Language and the UNIX operating system

Question 15

What space mission did Margaret Hamilton assist?

Answer 15

Apollo 11 which used the Apollo Guidance Computer that Margaret Hamilton worked on

Question 16

Which software company did Bill Gates co-found?

Answer 16

Microsoft

Question 17

Which Tech company did Steve Jobs co-found?

Answer 17

Apple

Question 18

Which app did Luis von Ahn invent?

Answer 18

Invented Duolingo

Question 19

What is CAPTCHA?

Answer 19

CAPTCHA is a challenge—response test used in computing to determine if the user is human

Question 20

Which company does Shigeru Miyamoto work for?

Answer 20

Video game designer, producer and director at Nintendo

Question 21

Which famous games did Shigeru Miyamoto create?

Answer 21

Donkey Kong, Mario Bros, Zelda

Question 22

What dit Vint Cerf and Robert Kahn invent?

Answer 22

They invented the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) which governs how data is transmitted and routed across networks

Question 23

What did Tim Berners Lee invent and why?

Answer 23

World Wide Web (WWW); used originally to share information between scientists and universities

Question 24

What company did Larry Page and Sergei Brin create?

Answer 24

Google

Question 25

What was the name of
Google before the one we know?

Answer 25

Originally called Pagerank

Question 26

What was special about how Google works?

Answer 26

Algorithm ranked web pages based on their relevance, determined by the number of link pointing to the and the quality of those links