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RCP 100 > Study Guide For Ch 16 > Flashcards

Study Guide For Ch 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Pack History Formula

A

of packs / day x # of yrs smoked =___pack years

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2
Q

Kussmauls breathing is associated with

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Very fast and very deep rapid breaths

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3
Q

Very deep and rapid breaths

A

Kussmauls breathing

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4
Q

Cheyenne stokes breathing is associated with

A

CHF (congestive heart failure)

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5
Q

Rapid build up, periods of apnea, then rapid build up, inconsistent breathing patterns

A

Cheyenne-Stokes breathing

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6
Q

What is Biots breathing?

A

Inconsistent
Intercranial Pressure (ICP) or CNS problems

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7
Q

What is apneustic breathing associated with?

A

Tumors/trauma

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8
Q

What is apneustic breathing?

A

Gasping inspirations with short insufficient expirations/gasping

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9
Q

What is agonal breathing?

A

Fish out of water. Ineffective breathing. Guppy breathing. Last breaths

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10
Q

What is apnea?

A

Lack of breathing

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11
Q

Tachycardia

A

Pulse above 100

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12
Q

Bradycardia

A

HR < 60

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13
Q

What is tachypnea ?

A

RR (f) > 20 bpm

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14
Q

What is bradynea ?

A

RR(f) < 12

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15
Q

What is the acronym CBABE used for?

A

Obstructing properties of wheezing during exhalation

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16
Q

CBABE

A

Cystic Fibrosis
Bronchitis
Asthma
Bronchiectisis
Emphysema

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17
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) formula

A

Systolic + (2 x Diastolic) / 3

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18
Q

Cardio output ?

A

CO= HR x Stroke Volume (SV)

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19
Q

Rapid airflow through obstructed airways, high pitched and usually expiratory ?

A

Wheezes

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20
Q

What is stridor?

A

Rapid airflow through obstructed UPPER airway. High pitched and monophonic.
Associated w croup, epiglottis, and post extubation laryngeal edema

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21
Q

Coarse crackles are associated with what

A

Severe pneumonia , bronchitis

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22
Q

What are coarse crackles?

A

Excess airway secretions moving through airways. Coarse. Inspiratory and expiratory

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23
Q

Fine crackles

A

Sudden opening of peripheral airways. Fine sounding, late inspiratory

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24
Q

What are fine crackles associated with?

A

Atelectasis, fibrosis and pulmonary edema

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25
Q

What is angina?

A

Common cause of non pleuritic chest pain brought by exertion or stress (coronary artery occlusion

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26
Q

What is barrel chest

A

Abnormal increase in ANTEROPOSTERIOR assoc w emphysema

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27
Q

Breathlessness?

A

Unpleasant urge to breathe; acute hypercapnia/acidosis/ hypoxemia

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28
Q

What is cachexia ?

A

Wasting syndrome. Complex metabolic condition characterized by significant involuntary weight loss , muscle wasting and fatigue

29
Q

What are crackles?

A

Intermittent, crackling or bubbling sounds of short duration

30
Q

What is cyanosis ?

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin or oral mucosa resulting from respiratory or cardiac disease

31
Q

A general term for breathing discomfort

32
Q

Another word for Feverish patient

33
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea triggered by reclining

34
Q

Difference in actual heart beats and radial pulse

A

Pulse deficit

35
Q

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure

A

Pulse pressure, usually 30-40 mmHg

36
Q

Significant decrease in pulse strength

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

37
Q

Inward sinking of the chest wall during inspiration

A

Retractions , due to reduced air pressure in lungs

38
Q

Shock

A

Inadequate delivery of o2 and nutrients to vital organs

39
Q

What is tripoding?

A

A sitting position, elbows as support to keep upper chest accessory muscles able to breath

40
Q

Hypertension range

A

BP persistently greater than 140/90 mmHg

41
Q

Hypotension

A

Low BP , systolic lower than 90 mmHg

42
Q

What is the difference between mucus and sputum?

A

Mucus is produced inside the body. It becomes sputum when it is expectorated

43
Q

How does pleuritic pain differ from nonpleuritic ?

A

Pleuritic chest pain is laterally or posteriorly , characterized by a sharp stabbing pain that worsens with a deep breath.
NonPleuritic is center of anterior chest. Dull ache or pressure. Not affected by breathing

44
Q

“CC” and “HPI”

A

Chief Complaint
History of present illness

45
Q

“PMH”

A

Past medical history

46
Q

What does the phrase “oriented x 4 “ mean

A

Normal orientation by a patient, can state name, date. Location and current situation

47
Q

Lethargic vs Obtunded

A

Lethargic: More like sleepy. Respond normally when awakened

48
Q

What are the possible types of coughs?

A

Dry, Loose (Productive), Acute (Self-limiting), Chronic

49
Q

How does pleuritic chest pain differ from non-pleuritic pain?

A

Pleuritic chest pain is characterized by a sharp stabbing pain that worsens with a deep breath, located laterally or posteriorly. Non-pleuritic pain is a dull ache or pressure in the center of the anterior chest, not affected by breathing.

50
Q

What is the difference between ‘lethargic’ and ‘obtunded’?

A

‘Lethargic’ is more like sleepy; when awoken, they respond normally and are easily awoken. ‘Obtunded’ is a deeper state of falling asleep; it requires more work to wake the patient, but they still respond normally once awake.

51
Q

What is the difference between a ‘stuporous’ patient and a ‘comatose’ patient?

A

‘Stuporous’ patients do not awaken fully, have decreased mental and physical activity, respond to pain, and exhibit deep muscle reflexes. ‘Comatose’ patients are unconscious, do not respond to stimuli, do not move voluntarily, show signs of upper motor neuron dysfunction, and lose reflexes with deep or prolonged coma.

52
Q

What is the first thing a respiratory therapist should evaluate in cases of a decreased level of consciousness?

A

Breathing.

53
Q

What are the average vital sign ranges for temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure?

A

Temperature: 98.6°F, Heart Rate: 60-100 bpm, Respiratory Rate: 12-18 breaths/min, Systolic Blood Pressure: 120 mmHg, Diastolic Blood Pressure: 80 mmHg.

54
Q

What is a paradoxical pulse?

A

A significant decrease in pulse strength.

56
Q

What is vocal fremitus?

A

Vibrations created by the vocal cords during speech.

57
Q

What is tactile fremitus?

A

When vocal fremitus vibrations are felt on the chest wall.

58
Q

How does subcutaneous emphysema form?

A

Lung rupture causes air to leak into subcutaneous tissues of the chest and neck.

59
Q

What is the feeling of air under the skin called?

60
Q

What is the percussion note for emphysema?

A

Hyperresonant.

61
Q

What is the percussion note for atelectasis?

62
Q

What is the percussion note for pleural effusion?

63
Q

What is the percussion note for pneumothorax?

A

Hyperresonant.

64
Q

What is the percussion note for pneumonia?

65
Q

Compare mechanisms and causes of coarse low pitched crackles AND fine end-inspiratory crackles

A

Fine crackles are softer and have low intensity. Coarse is more intense and louder. Difference comes from the side of the airway opening. The larger the airway the deeper and coaster the pitch is

66
Q

Capillary refill test

A

Pressing firmly on patients fingernail bed. Seeing blood refill . Normal time is less than 3 seconds

67
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis?

A

Poor perfusion of extremities, digits are usually cool to the touch

68
Q

What is central cyanosis?

A

Mucosa or torso involved. May signify sever lung disease , profound hypotension, or presence of certain congenital heart diseases

RCP 100 (4 decks)

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