Study guide flashcards
example of drawing
visuospatial skills, RIGHT side of brain, lack of Gestalt, occipital lobe–> parietal lobe
**Right parietal lobe damage
Frontal lobe
planning/pre-motor/integration/EF
occipital lobe
vision (low-level)
temporal
audition, nonverbal (music), lanuage on left side, memory (hippocampus/amygdala), socioemotional processing and inhibition of emotions
parietal lobe
top of brain, sensory motor and visuospatial
cerebellum
balance, finessing fine movements
basal ganglia
Parkinson’s, Huntingtons, ie movement (dopamine pathways)
propioception
awareness of body in space
EF
higher order, directing resources such as attn
Attention
focus, redirect, inhibit (ignore)
Implicit memory
“how to” (motor) ie non-declarative , ex: how to ride a biek
Episodic memory
personal experience (type of declarative memory), can become semantic mems once ingrained
Semantic memory
facts (type of declarative memory)
Socioemotional functioning
Frontal lobe: theory of mind, empathy, inhibition of emotions/behaviors (sexual appropriateness)
Dorsal stream
WHERE
Ventral stream
WHAT
agnosia
“dont know” ie dont have knowledge of what the object represent, dont perceive it as a whole (it means nothing to you)
prosopagnosia
facial recognition
aphasia
loss of speech
Fluent aphasia
Wenicke’s area affected, generating speech but it doesn’t make sense (bc the area of meaning is affected)
Non fluent aphasia
Broca’s area (anterior) affected, cant produce speech
Prosody
difficulties associated with right side
anosagnosia
loss of knowledge of self, lack awareness/understanding of deficit (deny their illness)
apraxia
difficulties with planning movement (motor/planning areas in the frontal lobe)
ataxia
problems executing movement
dyslexia
reading problems
neglect
ignore one side of brain (LEFT neglect most common) bc it is only being paid attention to by the right side (right side does double duty). Therefore left neglect ocurs because of right damage, specifcially, right parietal lobe
retrograde amnesia
lost past memories
anterograde amnesia
cant form new memories
temporal gradient
loosing memory before and after stroke, memroies farther away from insult come back
fugue
dissociation, psych state with NO organic cause (vs amnesia which is orgnic)
cortical blindness
can react to ball thrown (no awareness of visual input)–> subcortical processing happening
blind sight
think they can see but actually cant (confabulation of sight)
neuron structure
axon (out/propogates)
dendrite (receives, connection btw neurons)
soma
NT
interneuronal communication
electrical
intraneurononal communication
myelin
wraps around long axons (glial cells)- provide support
MS
degeneration of myelin sheath
meninges
dura, pia, arachnoid membrane
CF fluid
in spine and ventricles, suspends brain, circulates and supports brain
hydrocephaulous
overproduction of CF. ventricles expand and impinge on brain areas
BBB
tight junction that only allows fat soluble molecules to enter, exceptions are area postrema, pineal, pituitary
White matter
myelinated, PSI, deeper levels of processing
Gray matter
dendrites/axson, where processing happens. Outside of the brain ie neocortex
corpus callosum
white matter
anterior commisure
parallel to CC but connects frontal lobes specifically
disconnections syndrom
calisodomes?
motor strip
end of movement process, in the frontal lobe
somatosensory strip
reception of info, in parietal (but close by motor strip)
sulci
valleys
gyrus
peaks
stroke
blocking in brain, inadequate blood flow causing deprivation of oxygen/blood
vascular dementia
caused by chronic or 1 big stroke
dementia
Alzheimers- social func intact (bc damage starts in posterior of brain)
BvFTD–> ie behavioral variant fronto temporal degeneration - erratic behaviors, social unacceptable/abnormal, lack of empathy, loss of socioemo func (bc damage in frontal lobes)
Movement disorders
parkinsons (lack of dompaine, underactive0
huntingtons (overactive) also genetic
seizures
hyperactive, increase in electrical activity
MS
loss of myelin, ie deficit in speed
Psychiatric Disorders
generally affect the HPA axis
Autsim
social emotional functioning deficit
cerebral palsy
movement deficit (acquired injury),
down syndrom
intellectual disability (random mutation), major cause of ID
Fragile X
major cause of ID, inherited genetic disorder
Rett’s syndrome
degeneration after 6 mo (Dennis video)
Prater Willi
Paternal knockout person could eat to death, emo immature
Angelman’s
Maternal knockout happy puppet syndrome, goes with PW, very sweet/happy but no lang etc
Cortical Functioning
info starts in back and moves forward (anterior), integration occurs in the progression from posterior to anterior
localization vs neural networks
lang in left hemi vs the involvement in many areas
Lateralization
L vs R, motor is contralateral (audition is less crossed over)
Brain develop
in stages- starts in neural tube
synaptic growth –> arborization –> pruning (healthy)
Deprivation vs enrichment
too much pruning vs more connections (kitten with eye sewed)
Reserve vs recovery vs rehab
extra/ can withstand insult to brain vs regaining strucutre vs brining in compensation component by exercising affected part to rewire it
plasticity
both positive AND negative (phantom limb)
rostral vs caudal
beak vs tail
dorsal vs ventral
back vs stomach
