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World History Final > Study Guide Flashcards > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Martin Luther

A

German monk that triggered revolt against Church abuses

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2
Q

Theocracy

A

Government system run by church leaders

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3
Q

Ghetto

A

Dark sections of cities in which persecutions occurred

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4
Q

Predestination

A

Idea that God has long ago predetermined who gains salvation

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5
Q

Diet

A

Assembly/legislature

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6
Q

Wittenburg, Germany

A

Northern German city in which 95 Theses was created

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7
Q

John Calvin

A

French reformer that influenced Protestant reformation

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8
Q

St. Teresa of Avila

A

Reorganized Spanish monasteries and lived in isolation

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9
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Invented telescope

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10
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Set theory of gravity of laws and motions

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11
Q

Ambroise Pare

A

Improved medical procedures, prevented infections

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12
Q

Nicolas Copernicus

A

Heliocentric view of the universe

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13
Q

St. Ignacius

A

Founder of the society of Jesus

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14
Q

Immunity

A

Resistance to disease

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15
Q

Divine right

A

Belief that authority to rule comes from God

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16
Q

Philip II

A

King of Spain during their Golden Age

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17
Q

Armada (Spanish Armada)

A

Fleet of ships that attacked England and were unsuccessful, began collapse of Spanish empire

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18
Q

Louis XIV

A

King of France who also believed in divine right

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19
Q

Absolute monarchy

A

Complete authority over the government and lives of people

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20
Q

Intendant

A

Officials appointed by king to govern provinces and collect taxes

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21
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants

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22
Q

Inquisition

A

Period of questioning and court set up to try to hear people’s pleas

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23
Q

Cabinet

A

Small division in which parliamentary advisors worked for king

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24
Q

Mestizo

A

Person of European and Native American descent

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25
Q

Mercantilism

A

Policy of nation that exports more than it imports

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26
Q

Inflation

A

Economic cycle that involves sharp increase in prices and money that is available

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27
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Agreement that ended French/Indian War and Seven years war and began British dominance of Americas

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28
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system production and privately owned and operated for profit

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29
Q

Tariff

A

Tax on imported goods

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30
Q

French and Indian war

A

Part of Seven Years battle, between Britain and France in the Americas

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31
Q

Columbian exchange

A

Interaction of goods, ideas, diseases and plants b/w Old and New World

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32
Q

Peninsulares

A

Member of highest class in Spain’s colonies in the Americas

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33
Q

Compact

A

Agreement between people

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34
Q

Limited monarchy

A

Government in which constitution controls monarch’s powers

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35
Q

Oligarchy

A

Government in which ruling power belongs to a few

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36
Q

Westernization

A

Adopting ideas, technology and culture of the western world

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37
Q

Encomienda system

A

Native Americans faced harsh working conditions in labor work

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38
Q

Treaty of tordesillas

A

Allowed Portugal to claim Brazil and be out of Spanish empire

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39
Q

Balance of power

A

Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any nation from becoming strong

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40
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

Government system whose power is defined and limited by law

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41
Q

Charles I

A

Absolute monarch, leader of the cavaliers

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42
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

British army general and leader of the Roundheads

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43
Q

Peter the Great

A

Autocratic ruler in which port city is named after him

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44
Q

Catherine the Great

A

Ruthless absolute monarch, divides Poland, took reins from ineffective rulers

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45
Q

Laissez Faire

A

Allowing business to operate under minimal government interference

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46
Q

depopulation

A

Reducing population of Prussia and Austria through wars, mercenaries killing without pity and villages and crops destroyed

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47
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Granted Huguenots religious freedom

48
Q

French and Indian War between which two sides:

A

Britain and France

49
Q

Versailles a symbol for:

A

The sun king’s wealth

50
Q

Encomienda system criticized by:

A

Fransisco Pizarro

51
Q

Baron de Montesquieu

A

Criticized absolute monarchy and best way for liberty is to have three branches of gov’t

52
Q

Adam smith

A

Economist believed in a free market should regulate and control business activity

53
Q

Federal republic

A

Powers divided between federal and state governments

54
Q

Scorched earth policy

A

Military tactic in which soldiers destroy everything in their path to hurt enemy

55
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

European assembly that met after Napoleon’s era to rebuild Europe

56
Q

Estate

A

A social class

57
Q

Faction

A

dissenting group of people

58
Q

Nationalism

A

Strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country

59
Q

Suffrage

A

The right to vote

60
Q

Guerrilla warfare

A

Fighting carried through hit and run raids

61
Q

Theory of population explosion

A

Theory of not enough food for the world population, pop. Increasing faster than food supply

62
Q

Utilitarianism

A

Goal of society to bring happiness for the greatest number of citizens with individual freedom but minimal government interference

63
Q

Imperialism

A

Domination by one country over another in political, economic and cultural life / aspects

64
Q

Trench warfare

A

WWI warfare in which troops were protected from enemy in a dugout but exposed to rats and environment

65
Q

Tripartite pact countries:

A

Japan, Germany, Italy

66
Q

Truman doctrine and Marshall plan

A

Aided/assisted/helped Europe after WWII, limited communism from spreading

67
Q

Containment

A

U.S. Policy in the prevention of communism spreading in Europe and world

68
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Leader of north Vietnam- communist

69
Q

European community

A

Established to eliminate trade barriers between European nation

70
Q

38th parallel

A

Cease-fire line established between North and South Korea at the end of Korean War

71
Q

Recession

A

Period of economic decline

72
Q

Détente

A

Reduced Cold War Tensions in the 1970s between US and Soviet Union

73
Q

Smelting

A

Separation of iron from its ore, was key in the development of steel, railroads, etc.

74
Q

James Watt

A

Made the steam engine more efficient

75
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Inventor of cotton gin

76
Q

Encyclopedia

A

Written during the enlightenment period by Diderot

77
Q

Zeppelin

A

Hot air balloon during WWI that carried poison gas

78
Q

D-day

A

Turning point during WWII that allowed U.S. and allies to push Germany out of France

79
Q

Axis power countries during WWII

A

Japan, Germany, Italy

80
Q

Yalta countries “big three”

A

Roosevelt – U.S., Churchill – Britain, Stalin – Soviet Union

81
Q

Industrial revolution factory work

A

Women and children worked in terrible conditions, long hours, safety issues were present

82
Q

catholic response to Protestant movement

A

They responded by restoring church leadership

83
Q

Defender of faith was

A

Henry VIII

84
Q

English reformation endorsed

A

The Anglican religion of England

85
Q

Catholic counter reformation pope

A

Pope Paul III

86
Q

Spanish/Italian inquisition

A

Led to the persecution of Christian moors and the end of heresy

87
Q

Themes of the Renaissance

A

Individuality, Questioning traditional religious ideas, Realism

88
Q

English reformation factors

A

Act of Supremacy, English King is Head of Church, Monasteries dissoluted

89
Q

Aspects of the Protestant reformation

A

Religious wars spread through England, the Inquisition strengthened, and the Catholic Reformation occurred

90
Q

Council of Trent

A

Established Catholic tradition and dogma for the next four centuries and the validity of the seven sacraments and the existence of purgatory

91
Q

Colombian exchange

A

Resulted in migration of millions of people, world population grows and new opportunities for many

92
Q

Spain’s golden age aspects

A

Emergence of art, literature, silver/gold wealth and key battles and growth of Roman Catholic Empire

93
Q

America colonial life aspects

A

Plantation economy, rights for English citizens and self-government system emerged

94
Q

Key point in Edict of Nantes

A

Huguenots are granted religious freedom

95
Q

John Locke Expressed?

John Locke influenced?

A

Expressed: life, liberty and property

Influenced: American Revolution, Declaration of Independence, glorious revolution

96
Q

Spanish and Portuguese winning souls was as important as ________

A

gaining land

97
Q

English bill of rights

A

Grants all citizens natural rights

98
Q

Layers of colonial society in Americas

A

Peninsulares = creoles = mestizos = mulattoes

99
Q

Decline of Spain’s Golden age

A

Overseas war drain wealth, gold/silver raise inflation, Spanish Armada defeated by British

100
Q

Kings expanded power by __________

A

Marriage

101
Q

French napoleon’s legacy’s

A

Better education for France, right to property for citizens, enabled America to expand (Louisiana Purchase)

102
Q

American advantages during American Revolution

A

Familiar with geography/land, fighting for liberty

103
Q

Primary reason of U.S. entering WWI

A

Zimmerman telegraph note about Germany assisting Mexico to reacquire lands lost

104
Q

Imperialism motives

A

Political and military motives, weak non-Western states, Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest), humanitarian or religious motives

105
Q

WWI ended how?

A

Germany seeks armistice to end war

106
Q

League of Nations w/out U.S.

A

Weaker League of Nations, did not prevent future wars, caused WWII

107
Q

Causes of the Great Depression

A

Dust bowl, overproduction of goods, uneven distribution of wealth, gold standard

108
Q

Roaring twenties/ Harlem Renaissance

A

Sparked flappers, women rights, speakeasies, motion pictures, radio, radioactivity

109
Q

Cold War aspects

A

Espionage (spying), economic warfare, North Vietnam was communist, South Vietnam was supported by U.S., Iron curtain, command economy, tension between U.S. and Soviet Union

110
Q

How was the Cold War fought/Define Cold War:
Means/Aspects of Cold War:
Who were the players/actors in the Cold War?
Cold War varying details:

A

How was the Cold War fought/Define Cold War: The cold war was fought through threats, economic warfare, tension, hostility and spying.
Means/Aspects of Cold War: Espionage (spying), economic warfare, North Vietnam was communist, South Vietnam was supported by U.S., Iron curtain, command economy, tension between U.S. and Soviet Union
Who were the players/actors in the Cold War?: U.S., Soviet Union, Cuba, Vietnam (North and South Vietnam), North Korea/South Korea, Germany.
Cold War varying details:U.S. Dollars, military force, nuclear weapons race and threat, alliances between countries, propaganda and secret operations.

111
Q

Imperialism

A

Domination by one country of the political, economical and cultural life of another country.

112
Q

Nationalism

A

Strong feeling or pride and devotion for one’s country.

113
Q

Militarism

A

Glorification and regards of using military as the ideal and supreme of the country.

114
Q

How did all three “isms” affect history of the world: Give different examples

A

Imperialism – example – colonies established by U.S., Britain, France in India, Africa, islands.
Nationalism – example- Napoleonic wars, strong French influence to other parts of Europe, Life is Beautiful – example – Italian flags waved by people
Militarism – WWII – U.S. dropping atomic bombs in Japan

115
Q

Indulgences

A

Pardon for sins committed during a person’s lifetime

World History Final (1 decks)

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