Study Guide: Exam 1 Flashcards
List the pros of classification systems within the DSM.
- Reliability (consistency): improves validity
- Allows you to match treatment with the disorder
- Improves communication of disorders
- Required by insurance/Managed Care Agencies
- Allows attribution of problems: A comfort to client’s because the disorder is known
- Assists research into disorders
List the cons of classification system within the DSM.
- Overlabeling
- Stigma of DX
- Not every problem fits into a category
- Permanency of labels –> labels are permanent
- Political aspects (Homosexuality was a disorder mostly for political reasons)
- Emphasizes problems rather than strengths
- Poor reliability
- Locates the problem in the individual
List the treatment recommendations for the Intake Summary
- Address your plans for treatment
- What symptoms/problems will be targeted
- Areas for further exploration
- Medical issues needing to be addressed
- List specific goals for treatment (IMPORTANT)
- Estimate duration of treatment (IMPORTANT)
- Always sign it at the end of the document (IMPORTANT)
Define Mood.
- Pervasive and sustained emotion
- i.e. The climate (weather)
- normal, depressed, irritable, anxious
- Can’t observe mood!
Define Affect.
- Emotional expression during the interview
- (today’s weather)
- normal, labile (mood swings), blunted not a lot of emotion), expansive( all big emotions), & depressed
- By asking about their mood, you discover their affect.
Define Appropriateness
- Does the affect match their verbal content?
- Emotion and content… are they congruent?
What is a perceptual disturbance?
Hallucination
Define Hallucination.
- Perceptual distortions without external stimuli
- It is happening in the person’s head. It is very real to them so they can’t tell what is real and what isn’t
- “Have you heard or seen anything that others cannot see?”
What are the different types of hallucinations? Which are the most common? Which are the least common?
- Auditory (MOST COMMON)
- Visual (MOST COMMON)
- Tactile
- Taste (LESS COMMON)
- Olfactory (LESS COMMON)
What type of hallucinations are “command hallucinations?”
Auditory
Why are command hallucinations so dangerous?
- This is when voices are telling a person what to do.
- Very clearly state on the MSE is there IS or is NOT command hallucinations
Describe visual hallucinations.
- Have no control over what they see in these hallucinations
T/F: PTSD is on the same spectrum as a hallucination?
True
Describe PROCESS of THOUGHT.
- What is going on for the individual in their thought processes.
List the different types of processes of thought.
- Loose associations
- Flight of ideas
- Tangentiality
- Circumstantiality
- Word salad
- Neologisms
- Clang associations
- Perseveration
- Thought blocking
Define loose associations
- Loose/strange connections
i. e. Jumping around from topic to topic is confusing
Define flight of ideas
- Extremely rapid thinking with loose connections
i. e. there are connections, they are loose but still connections
Define tangentiality
- Never get to the point
- Aren’t coherent enough to answer the question
- Go from thing to thing
Define circumstantiality
- Eventually get to the point
- Function a little bit better than tangentiality
Define word salad
- Incoherent communication
i. e. take a whole bunch of words and put them together randomly
Define neologisms
- Made-up words
- The person believes that others know the meaning of their made up words
Define clang associations
- Rhyme responses
- Hung up on a certain sound or word
Define Perseveration
- Thought process is hung up on an idea or concept
Define thought blocking
- Sudden loss of train of thought
What is Content of Thought?
The content of what we are thinking.
List all of the types of CONTENT of THOUGHT.
- Delusions
- Paranoia
- Preoccupations
- Obsession and compulsions
- Phobias
- Suicidal/Homicidal thoughts
- Ideas of reference
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Poverty of content
Define delusions (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Beliefs based outside of reality
- “Tin-foil hat” – aliens can read our minds
- Delusions and hallucinations can appear together because the delusion is the person’s way of trying to explain the hallucination
Define paranoia (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Someone is out to get them
Define preoccupations (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Totally engrossed or obsessed with a topic or person
Define obsession and compulsions (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Obsessions are thoughts/ideas that triggers anxiety
- Compulsion is the behavior that appear to try to release the anxiety
Define phobias (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Unreasonable fear for a variety of things
Define suicidal/homicidal thoughts (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Suicidal: Harming self
- Homicidal: Harming others
Define ideas of reference (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Belief that innocuous events are highly personally significant
- Put specific meaning to something that they feel is directed to them
Define depersonalization (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Feeling that the person somehow changed
i. e. refers to the person themselves; they know nothing has changed but get the sense that there is a change
Define derealization (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Feeling that the environment has somehow changed
i. e. The end of the bed feels sharp, but knowing it really isn’t sharp
Define poverty of content (CONTENT of THOUGHT)
- Isn’t much within the content
Define Insight
- Person UNDERSTANDS they have a problem/mental illness
i. e. I understand that I hear voices that others cannot hear, but that is because….
DSM-IV: What is on the Axis I ?
- Clinical Disorders
- Other conditions of clinical focus
DSM-IV: What is on the Axis II?
- Personality Disorders
- Mental Retardation
DSM-IV: What is on the Axis III?
- General Medication Conditions
DSM-IV: What is on the Axis IV?
- Psychosocial & Environmental Problems
DSM-IV: What is on the Axis V?
- Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
DSM-IV: how certain is the Diagnosis?
100% certain
DSM-IV: How certain is the 799.9 Diagnosis Deferred?
THE LEAST certain
What is included in the MSE?
- General description
- Mood and Affect
- Speech
- Perceptual disturbances
- Thought
- Sensorium and cognition
- Impulse Control
- Judgement and insight
Define Illusion
- Perceptual distortion based on external stimuli
What are the components of sensorium and cognition?
- Alertness and level of consciousness
- Orientation
- Memory
- Concentration
- Abstract thinking
- Fund of information and intelligence
Define Etiology
Causation, origin, and development of a disease or a disorder
Define disease
Applies to medial, physical, and biological problems
Define disorder
Functional problem without underlying biological problems
Define syndrome
Identifiable cluster or set of symptoms
Define prognosis
Prediction about the future course of a problem
Define diagnosis
The process of determining by examination the nature and circumstances of a disease or disorder
What does the intake summary include?
- General history
- Specific Functioning (past and present)
- Formulation
- Diagnosis (DSM format)
- Treatment planning
