Study guide chapter 2 Flashcards
Aggregate muscle action
muscles work in groups instead of independent for ROM
flat muscles
thin/broad, spread forces
ex: rectus abdominis
fusiform muscles
spindle shaped: focus power on small bony parts
Ex; Biceps
strap muscles
muscles arranges in tight parraell manner
ex: satoris
radiate muscles
triangle/fan shaped muscles combines flat and fusiform and ex is pectorals major
intrinsic VS extrinsic
pertaining to muscles belong to body part on which they act VS pertains to muscles that arise outside of the body part when they act
irritability / excitability
sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli
innervation
segment of NS res for providing stimulus to muscle fibers
Amplitude
range of muscle fiber length
Fascia
sheet or band of connective tissue that binds body parts together
tendon
fibrous connective tissue, connects muscles to bones and other structures
Retinaculum
band of tissue that holds tendons in place around joints
Iso kinetic
dynamic exercise using con and ecc contractions
synergist
assist in action of prime mover ( agonist )
Neutralizers
counteract/neutrilize action of another muscle to prevent injury
basal ganglia
next lower level of control, controls posture/equilibrium and movements like driving
cerebellum
major integrator of sensory impulses, provide feedback and timing/ intensity
cerebral corrtex
highest level of control, create voluntary movement
brain Stem
interagier all CNS activity / arousal or wakeful state
dermatome
defined area of skin supplied by specific spinal nerve
Myotome
muscles supplies by specific spinal nerve
dendrites
extension of nerve cell, receives impulses
axon
elongated projection that transmits impulses away from cell body
Kinesthesis
awareness of position and movement in space
Proprioception
internal receptors which provide feedback to tension, state of muscles, or position of body
pacinian VS rffinis corpuscles
concentrated around joint, ligaments , tendons, and rapid changes activity VS deep layers of skin and joint activated by strong sudden movements
all or none principle
individual muscle fibers within motor unit will fire/ contract or won’t
Sub threshold
threshold
submaximal
maximal
-not strong enough action potential for contraction
-1 motor unit will fire/ contacts
- produce action in motor UNITS
- produce action in ALL motor units
latent period
contraction phase
relaxation phase
- period of MS following stimulus
- muscles fibers begin contracting lasting 40 MS
- follows contraction last 50 MS
active tension
tension while contraction
stretch shortening cycle
sequence and timing of contractions enhance total amount of force produced
muscle nomenclature
visual appearance
anatomical location
function
reciprocal inhibition
force generated when muscle is stretched
active VS passive insufficiency
muscle becomes shortnend so it doesn’t maintain active tension VS opposing muscle becomes stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen
4 things mussels provide
protection
dynamic stability
posture/support
produce body heat
