Study guide CH 6 Flashcards
What are worriers preoccupied with
Self talk
What conclusion did researchers find when looking at stressful life events and anxiety/depressive disorders
Stressful events frequently precede the development of both anxiety and depressive disorders.
Identify the current DSM categories of phobias
agoraphobia, social, and specific
How much of a genetic component is there for panic disorder and GAD
both appear to be either modestly or moderately heritable
Self-fulfilling prophecy (ex)
a prediction that causes itself to become true
Ex. believing you will do poorly on an exam and then failing the test
Automatic thinking (ex)
An instinctive, unconscious, highly efficient mental process that we have no control over or awareness of
Ex. we may text a friend and not receive a response right away
Decatastrophizing (ex)
a form of cognitive reappraisal that can help us think differently about emotional situations, provide emotional regulation, and reduce catastrophic thinking and anxiety
Ex. reassurance
All-or-nothing thinking (ex)
a cognitive distortion often linked to negative thinking, anxiety, and low mood
Ex. “Everything is terrible; nothing good ever happens.”
Catastrophic misinterpretation (ex)
the act of interpreting a stimulus as a sign of an impending catastrophe
Ex. My pounding heart means that I will have a heart attack
“what if “ thinking (ex)
the stress, panic, and worry that your brain creates by constantly asking future oriented, “what if” questions
Ex. What if I fail? What if my parents get mad?
Obsessions/Compulsions (ex)
reoccurring thoughts (“obsessions”) and/or behaviors (“compulsions”) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
Ex. obsession - sanitation / compulsion - repeated washing of body
Why do compulsives usually return to compulsive behavior
will become more distressed if they do not engage in the compulsive behavior.
How does the DSM base their classification of anxiety disorders
The categorization of anxiety disorders was subsequently divided into anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders
According to the NCS-R, which type of anxiety disorders the most common
Specific phobias
Alex suffers from agoraphobia, and while in treatment he is asked to repeatedly confront places like crowded shopping malls and theaters that he has been avoiding. The treatment he is receiving is
Situational Exposure
- Treats OCD
Pamela experiences frequent unexpected panic attacks. A treatment that could help her to reduce her fear of bodily sensations that seem to trigger her panic attacks would be
interoceptive exposure
exposure to highly feared objects.
Flooding
an efficient integrative body–mind training for dealing with stress and psychosomatic condition
Deep Breathing
Why do people continue to worry despite it being unproductive, according to the
cognitive models of anxiety
The worry is reinforced by a temporary reduction in uncomfortable physiological sensations.
When are agoraphobics most likely to exhibit avoidance or fear
sitting in the middle of a row in a crowded theater
Why would someone with agoraphobia feel terrified of crowds, according to the
case study in the textbook
They fear not being able to escape.
What does the closer relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression
suggest
Stressful events frequently precede the development of both anxiety and depressive disorders.
Most common events associated with the development of a panic attack
c. Al misinterpreted a sudden increase in his heart rate as evidence of a heart attack.
How do phobias develop, according to the preparedness model of phobic
acquisition
objects and situations that are fear-relevant.
What circumstances identify a panic attack as being “cued”
when it occurs only in predictable situations
What do studies of long-term courses of OCD show about the percentage of
patients that still show symptoms years later
Approximately 50 percent of patients still show symptoms after 30 years.
Identify what current theories suggest in regard to the evolutionary significance
of anxiety and fear
both emotional responses are adaptive in some circumstances.
If taking a benzodiazepine, what neurotransmitter is affected
GABA
How is fear different from anxiety
Fear occurs appropriately in the face of real danger.
