Study guide and exam questions Flashcards
EMTs can:
evaluate the ill and injured, but they can never diagnose patients
When should patient be in recovery position?
Unconscious, uninjured, & breathing adequately. (No trauma patients in recovery position).
What percentage of exhaled oxygen is delivered?
16%
Most out of hospital cardiac arrests occur as a result of ?
Cardiac Dysrhythmia
CPR should be initiated when?
A valid living will is unavailable
Most appropriate treatment for a patient with partial airway obstruction & adequate air exchange?
Administer oxygen & transport immediately
Gastric distention will most likely occur if:
you ventilate a patient too fast
What best describes the NREMT?
The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing, and is NOT a government agency
External chest compressions will only provide how much of blood?
30% of blood will be pumped by the heart
To minimize risk of litigation, the EMT-B should always:
provide competent care that meets current standards
In relation to the wrist, the elbow is
proximal
Best protection against liability when a patient refuses EMS care and transport?
Thoroughly document entire event
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is a program used to:
reduce anxiety from stress related incidents
Your best protection against legal liability when a competent patient refuses EMS care and transport is to:
advise medical control of the situation
Fracture to both femurs is
bilateral
Which would be an indication of positive orthostatic vital signs?
BP and pulse stay the same, but patient gets dizzy
Which of the following MOST accurately defines negligence?
Deviation from standard of care that may result in further injury
A 5-year-old with severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. His fracture is:
The distal forearm
Maintaining chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include?
NOT cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons
88 year old female with altered mental status. Staff nurse advises you that the patient has terminal cancer & that her physician stated that she would probably die within a few hours; valid DNR is presented to you. What do you do?
Make her comfortable & provide emotional support
Who can place a patient on a 5150?
Law Enforcement, Designated ER doctor, PET team
A patient partially regains consciousness en route from his office to the emergency department. Although somewhat confused, the patient tells you that he feels fine and does not want to go to the hospital. Under these circumstances you should:
assess whether or not the patient’s mental condition is impaired
What do you do when a patient is trapped in a vehicle?
Ensure vehicle is stable.
Abduction
away from midline
Baseline vital signs are referred to because they:
are the initial vital signs that will allow you to trend the patient’s condition by comparing them to future vital signs
The manner in which an EMT-B must act when caring for a patient is called:
standard of care
EMT should take a successful cardioversion with AED
Perform frequent pulse checks; reassess all vitals every 5 minutes; Keep AED hooked up to a patient
After performing an initial assessment & treating any immediate life threats, you should next:
decide if immediate transport is indicated
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT-B’s responsibility is to determine
which complaint poses the greatest threat to patient’s life
Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of chest wall?
only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while other area falls
Pain felt at a location other than its origin
reffered pain
Communicable diseases can be best decribed as?
Not all people who are infected with these diseases show signs or symptoms of illness
Tx you receive following exposure to an infection disease depends on:
The type of disease, not how long you were exposed or how you were exposed
Digestive juices from the stomach
hydrochloric acid
What is the proper treatment for death in vehicle?
Rapid trauma asessment
When assessing the moto function in a conscious patient’s lower extermities, you should expect the paitnet to:
Wiggle toes
Which of the following activities would NOT be performed during the scene size up
rapidly assessing a patient’s respiratory status
Bodily fluids such as vomitus, tears & saliva may transmit an infectious disease if they
contains visible amounts of blood
Patient is unconscious, ineffective breathing, blood secretions in mouth. What to do?
suction her oropharynx
The chief complaint is most accurately described as:
most serious thing that patient is concerned about
Traumatic neck pain
ensure patient can see you approaching
While using sirens most state laws permit
carefully exceed the posted speed limit
What is a disease the causes GI bleeding?
Esophageal varices
Symptoms of GI bleed may include
coffee ground emesis
Abnormal breath sounds least suggestive of fluid in lungs?
stridor
Which following patient does NOT have an altered mental status?
a patient with an acute reaction & dizziness
Which of the following statments regarding the mechanism of injury is correct?
The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of patient’s injuries
Appendicitis
associaed with rebound tenderness
Bowel obstruction
stoppage of forward flow of intestinal contents
Chloecystitis
pain in right upper quadrant; referred pain to right shoulder
Blood supply for heart muscle itself comes from?
coronary arteries
PID is an inflammation of the:
fallopian tubes, NOT the bladder, rectum, or testes. This is a disease found in women and is based on STDs
Left ventricle pumps blood in
aorta
Pulmonary artery orginates at?
right ventricle
An incarcerated hernia is one that ?
connot be pushed back within respective body cavity
A 59 year old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless & diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should
administer oxygen & prepare for immediate transport
Ectopic pregnancy signs usually present within
the 1st 6-8 weeks of pregnancy
Substance which bonds with oxygen for transportation to the tissue is?
hemoglobin
Largest artery
aorta
Gas exchange takes place at level of arterioles?
FALSE — capillaries are where gas diffusions occur
Stridor is caused by
narrowing of UPPER airway
Functions of the upper airway
filters air; warms and humidifies air; provides sense of smell
You receive a call for a 70 year old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:
begin assisting her ventiliations with a BVM
Pain from an MI my radiae to?
one or both arms; jaw;epigastric region
Priority EMT intervention for patient suspected of MI?
high flow oxygen
In what area of the lungs do respirations occur?
Alveoli
Your 71 year old patient complains of chest pain. He has a pulse rate of 140 & his respirations are 5 per min. You should immediately:
support patients ventilations with BVM
A 60 year old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treeatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?
O2 via a nonrebreather mask, and focused history and physical exam
symptoms of congestive heart failure?
pedal edema
A 56 year old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient’s wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 911. Most likely the cause of this patient’s present condition is:
cardiogenic shock
Patient who has diarrhea and vomitting 3 days, weak pulse, applied 100% O2, should receive what appropriate tx from an EMT?
Prepare for immediate transport since he has indications of shock
Shock is result of
hypoperfusion
Hyperglycemia will have pale, cool & moist skin signs?
FALSE
Heat exhaustion is all except
hot, dry skin
Patient for pupillary response to light. What is normal response?
constriction
Purpose of insulin is to?
TRANSPORT glucose across cell membranes
Chemical burns to eye is to be irrigated for no more than
15 min
Status epilepticus is best defined as a brief seizure
FALSE because status epilepticus lasts for more than 5 min and therefore is NOT brief (short)
Nose bleed scenario question
grasp the lower nostril and maintain pressure
Bones are totally solid
FALSE, because bones are hollow structures that consist of blood vessels and bone marrows inside
Eye laceration scenario
BOTH eyes covered
EMT’s priority concern for the victim of an electrical burn is:
safety (DUHH!!)
The EMT’s priority assessment with neurological problems is:
Determining their LOC
Most significant sign of an increase in intracranial pressure is?
increasing confusion & disorientation
Fell on ice, severe right hip pain, right leg appears shortened & externally rotated. You suspect?
Fractured hip and injured spine
Rewarming of a patient with mild hypothermia should?
take place en route to hospital
Open fracture is ALWAYS worse than a closed fracture?
FALSE – in some closed fractures, you can’t tell whether there is internal bleeding within the fracture compared to open fractures
Severe pain to both eyes after welding with clear safety goggles suffering from?
UV light
Burns in anterior aspect of both arms and anterior chest is equal to what percentage?
18% = Anterior aspect of both arms (4.5 + 4.5) + anterior chest (9)
childrens bones are most flexible
TRUE
EMT-B tx for insulin should include:
Administering oral glucose and high flow O2
Diabetes is always caused by ketoacidosis
FALSE – ketoacidosis involves the metabolism of fats which produce ketones
Frost bitten foot can be ID
mottling and blistes
Nitroglycerin (NTG) should NOT be administered when:
Patient has a systolic pressure of less than 100mmHg
Your 42 year old male patient was involved in a house fire & his lower legs have been burned. They are charred black, but your patient states he has litle pain. This purn will be classified as:
both full thickness & third degree
Priority intervention for patient with possible sprain?
Immobilize!!!
center of the iris that allows light to move
pupil
Serious head injury include all of the following:
combative behavior; CSF leakage from ears; decreased sensory function; (NOT constricte pupils)
Stages of seizures in order of occurance:
aura, tonic, clonic and postictal
Patient has obvious swelling to facial area with several dislodged teeth. Minimal bleeding in mouth, conscious with 138/80mmHg, pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min. with adequate TV. You should:
Apply supplemental O2, immobilize spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport patient
Victim of hypothermia will have symptoms of
Loss of judgement and apathy (AKA lethargic patients who make bad decisions)
Abdominal evasceration to left lower quadrant after a knife cut. After increasing airway & assessing for other life threats, care for his wound by?
Cover with moist sterile dressing secured in a place with bandages
When administering epinephrine via auto injector, how long should it be held in place?
10 Seconds
Physiological action response does epi produce when given for allergic reaction?
vasoconstriction & bronchodilation
Significant hazards associated with splinting
delayed transport of injury
Sugar reading 300 mg/dL, semi-conscious, breathing shallowly, receiving assisted ventilation from partner. Define definitive treatment. (*Definitive tx: most needed tx that the EMT cannot provide for patient)
Insulin, not oxygen, because patient needs insulin the most since they have elevating blood sugar levels
top priority of treatment with head injury
spinal precaution
Behavioral emergency is most accurae:
detailed physical exam may be detrimental to gaining patient’s trust & should NOT be performed unless there is an accompanying physical complaint.
An epidural hematoma is MOST?
bleeding between skull and dura mater
Nervous system controls body’s which voluntary activities
somatic
Heat cramps are MOST likely the result of
a loss of water & electrolytes
Indicates severe head injury
decerbate posturing
All diabetic patients must take insulin?
FALSE – some diabetics adjust their diet, take oral pills, and some others inject insulin
You are assisting an asthma patient with an inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses inhaler, you should:
Instruct him to hold his breath as long as he possibly could.
agitation and belligerance may indicate severe injury
TRUE
Immediate EMT intervention for frostbite will include?
remove patient from environment & SLOWLY re-warm affected area
The meninges and CSF that circulates between each meningeal layer fxns by:
Acting as a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord
Quadrapalegia can result from spinal cord
true
Most common history, sign or symptom in a patient with a concussion is?
brief loss of consciousness
After performing an initial assessment & treating any immediate life threats, you should next:
decide if immediate transport is indicated
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT-B’s responsibility is to determine
which complaint poses the greatest threat to patient’s life
Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of chest wall?
only one section of the chest rises on inspiration while other area falls
Pain felt at a location other than its origin
reffered pain
Communicable diseases can be best decribed as?
Not all people who are infected with these diseases show signs or symptoms of illness
Tx you receive following exposure to an infection disease depends on:
The type of disease, not how long you were exposed or how you were exposed
Digestive juices from the stomach
hydrochloric acid
What is the proper treatment for death in vehicle?
Rapid trauma asessment
When assessing the moto function in a conscious patient’s lower extermities, you should expect the paitnet to:
Wiggle toes
Which of the following activities would NOT be performed during the scene size up
rapidly assessing a patient’s respiratory status
Bodily fluids such as vomitus, tears & saliva may transmit an infectious disease if they
contains visible amounts of blood
Patient is unconscious, ineffective breathing, blood secretions in mouth. What to do?
suction her oropharynx
The chief complaint is most accurately described as:
most serious thing that patient is concerned about
Traumatic neck pain
ensure patient can see you approaching
While using sirens most state laws permit
carefully exceed the posted speed limit
What is a disease the causes GI bleeding?
Esophageal varices
Symptoms of GI bleed may include
coffee ground emesis
Abnormal breath sounds least suggestive of fluid in lungs?
stridor
Which following patient does NOT have an altered mental status?
a patient with an acute reaction & dizziness
Which of the following statments regarding the mechanism of injury is correct?
The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of patient’s injuries
Appendicitis
associaed with rebound tenderness
Bowel obstruction
stoppage of forward flow of intestinal contents
Chloecystitis
pain in right upper quadrant; referred pain to right shoulder
Blood supply for heart muscle itself comes from?
coronary arteries
PID is an inflammation of the:
fallopian tubes, NOT the bladder, rectum, or testes. This is a disease found in women and is based on STDs
Left ventricle pumps blood in
aorta
Pulmonary artery orginates at?
right ventricle
An incarcerated hernia is one that ?
connot be pushed back within respective body cavity
A 59 year old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless & diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should
administer oxygen & prepare for immediate transport
Ectopic pregnancy signs usually present within
the 1st 6-8 weeks of pregnancy
Substance which bonds with oxygen for transportation to the tissue is?
hemoglobin
Largest artery
aorta
Gas exchange takes place at level of arterioles?
FALSE — capillaries are where gas diffusions occur
Stridor is caused by
narrowing of UPPER airway
Functions of the upper airway
filters air; warms and humidifies air; provides sense of smell
You receive a call for a 70 year old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure; however, he does not think she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears tired, and has cyanosis around her lips. You should:
begin assisting her ventiliations with a BVM
Pain from an MI my radiae to?
one or both arms; jaw;epigastric region
Priority EMT intervention for patient suspected of MI?
high flow oxygen
In what area of the lungs do respirations occur?
Alveoli
Your 71 year old patient complains of chest pain. He has a pulse rate of 140 & his respirations are 5 per min. You should immediately:
support patients ventilations with BVM
A 60 year old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and respirations of 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treeatment modalities is MOST appropriate for this patient?
O2 via a nonrebreather mask, and focused history and physical exam
symptoms of congestive heart failure?
pedal edema
A 56 year old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient’s wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 911. Most likely the cause of this patient’s present condition is:
cardiogenic shock
Patient who has diarrhea and vomitting 3 days, weak pulse, applied 100% O2, should receive what appropriate tx from an EMT?
Prepare for immediate transport since he has indications of shock
Shock is result of
hypoperfusion
3rd stage of labor
ends w/ delivery of the placenta
Best position for a pt in labor with limb presentation
left lateral trendelenburg
S/S of pregnant-induced hypotension (preclampsia) include all except:
blood in the urine
30 yr. old pregnant female, gravida - 3 para - 2. This means she has:
given birth to 2 live babies
Visualization of the vertex at the vaginal orifice is known as
crowning
Meconium
devlops in the intestine of the baby during gestation
Placenta will be delivered:
15-30 min in most instances
Average length of labor for primipara
18-24 hrs
Placenta Abruptio
placenta detaching itself from the uterine wall before the baby is delivered
EMT intervention for a pt who’s bleeding from an obstetrical condition include:
maintain open airway and high flow oxygen
Ovum fertilized in
Fallopian tube
Pregnant patient may not show signs of blood loss bc they
have double blood volume
Ectopic pregnancy-
ovum is attached outside of uterus
Fundus=
superior 1/3 of uterus
Supine hypotensive syndrome =
the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava
Pulseless umbilical cord from signal orifice-
insert hand into vagina to make space for cord
Priority question for pregnant patient-
what baby is this for you
Priority sign of imminent delivery is
“visualization of the presenting part”
Emt treatment for ectopic pregnancy=
position of comfort, high flow o2
Respond to a call for 14 year old pregnant patient,postical & BP of 240/120
eclampsia
cut cord before drying the baby
FALSE
membranes always rupture immediatley befor delivery
FALSE
in a prehospital delivery EMT should always transport code 3
FALSE
Rapid death do to a snake bit is because of
anaphylaxis
What is SIDS
Infant death unexplained
Most common cause of dehydryan in child is due to
vomitting and diarrhea
Triage is necessary when
when you have 2 or more patients
Most supcious for child abuse
bruises in various stages of healing
In infants and toddlers common cause of seizures is
high fever
care for SIDS
CPR, Trans, Emotional support for Family
EMT Primary action for pediatric w/ resp problems
establish and maintain an open airway, provide O2, transport
Which is true for SIDS
devastating for family
Submerssion injuries in the adolescent age groups are most commonly associated with
alcohol
assesment of 8 year old
talk to child and caregiver
triage
to sort
EMT priority w/ rattlesnake bite (LA)
immobilize
Triage
sort according to priority of illness
Abdominal pain in the pediatric patients is best cared for by :
transport patient in position of comfort & with oxygen as tolerated
33yr Male, gathering wood w/ sharp pain to hand. Abdom pain, weak, nausea
black widow
The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:
nervous system
Pale Skin in a child indicates that the ..
blood vessels near the neck are constricted
which of the following finding is least suggestive of child abuse
consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver
