Study Guide

Question 1

Sexual reproduction

Answer 1

An offspring produced by two parents

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

An offspring produced by one parent

Question 3

Species

Answer 3

A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

Question 4

Adaptation

Answer 4

The action or process of adapting or being adapted.

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

The change in an organism over time

Question 6

Scientific theory

Answer 6

A scientific theory is an explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can be repeatedly tested and verified in accordance with the scientific method, using accepted protocols of observation, measurement, and evaluation of results. Where possible, theories are tested under controlled conditions in an experiment.

Question 7

Natural selection

Answer 7

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Question 8

Variation

Answer 8

Variation, in biology, any difference between cells, individual organisms, or groups of organisms of any species caused either by genetic differences (genotypic variation) or by the effect of environmental factors on the expression of the genetic potentials (phenotypic variation).

Question 9

Behavioral Adaptation

Answer 9

Behavioral adaptations are the things organisms do to survive. For example, bird calls and migration are behavioral adaptations.

Question 10

Structural adaptation

Answer 10

Structural adaptations are physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear. Other adaptations are behavioral.

Question 11

Physiological adaptation

Answer 11

A psychological adaptation is a functional component of the nervous system that solves a particular reproductive problem.

Question 12

Hibernation

Answer 12

The condition or period of an animal or plant spending the winter in a dormant state.

Question 13

Migration

Answer 13

Seasonal movement of animals from one region to another.

Question 14

Selective breeding

Answer 14

Selective breeding is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.

Question 15

Environmental pressures

Answer 15

Environmental pressures are factors that can cause environmental change in the marine environment.

Question 16

Geotropism

Answer 16

The growth of the parts of plants with respect to the force of gravity. The upward growth of plant shoots is an instance of negative geotropism ; the downward growth of roots is positive geotropism.

Question 17

Phototropism

Answer 17

The orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either toward the source of light ( positive phototropism ) or away from it ( negative phototropism ).