Study Guide Flashcards
Places - Nazca Plains
Straight lines, flowers, animals, birds, etc. Designed to be seen fully from above
Intended for sky deities: sun and moon
Wikipedia:
The Nazca Lines are a group of very large geoglyphs formed by depressions or shallow incisions made in the soil of the Nazca Desert in southern Peru. They were created between 500 BCE and 500 CE.
Most lines run straight across the landscape, but there are also figurative designs of animals and plants, made up of lines
Places - Palenque
Maya city state
K’inich Janaab Pakal I ruled this area, famous for Temple of the Inscriptions
Wikipedia:
Palenque, also anciently known as Lakamha, was a Maya city state in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. AD 799. After its decline, it was absorbed into the jungle of cedar, mahogany, and sapodilla trees, but has since been excavated and restored
Places - Glastonbury Abbey
- First Christian sanctuary in England
- Discovered by Frederick Bligh Bond
Places - Preseli Mountains
- Original quarry location of the Bluestones used in Stonehenge
- Located in Wales, ~150 miles away
Places - Stonehenge
- Best known of Europe’s Megaliths
- Built to signify Winter Solstice (Dec 21)
- Made of Bluestone (small ones) and Sarson menhirs
- Thought to be built 2300 BC with only bluestone
- Renovated 2100 BC with Sarsons
- Renovated again 1900 BC with addition of another ring of Sarsons outside
- 3x as many Bluestone flakes in soil than local stone
Places - Temple of the Inscriptions
- Burial place of K’inich Janaab Pakal I
- Lots of inscriptions talking about Pakal’s ascension 4100 years in the future
Places - Stepped Pyramid of Djoser
- Oldest known Egyptian pyramid - 2630 BC
- Djoser was 2nd king in Egypt’s 3rd dynasty
Places - Hierakonpolis
Burial place of the oldest artificial mummification
Places - Newgrange
- Ireland
- Megalithic Passage Tomb built around 3200 BC
- Mound covers an area over one acre surrounded by 97 kerbstones
- Crucifix shaped chamber with a corbelled roof
- Estimated to take 300 people at least 20 years
Places - Carnac
Area in Britain, containing many different menhirs and may be the site of the worlds oldest Megaliths
Places - Rapa Nui
Location of a lot of statues called Moai
WIKIPEDIA:
Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is most famous for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapa Nui people.
People - Frederick Bligh Bond
- Psychic Archaeologist
- Investigated Glastonbury Abbey
- Found five chapels and foundations of the cloisters
- Also a competent field excavator and dug where any good archaeologist would
People - Jeffrey Goodman
- Known for his idea that modern man was FIRST found in California 500,000 years ago (not Africa)
- Wrote “American Genesis” where he claims man came from the Garden of Eden
People - Amesbury Archer
- Skeleton found near Stonehenge
- Very well preserved (2300 BC)
- Massive trauma to knee and nasty tooth infection, likely went to Stonehenge for healing
- Hailed from Beaker culture
- Very rich assortment of grave items (obviously was important person)
People - Frank Waters
- Wrote about Hopi mythology
- Wrote Mexico Mystique: The Coming Sixth World of Consciousness
- Identifies Dec 24, 2011 as the end of the “Great Cycle”
People - John Major Jenkins
- Wrote Galactic Alignment
- His theory is that the ancient Maya chose the 2012 end-date because this is the date on which occurs a rare alignment of the solstice sun with the Galactic Center
People - Graham Hancock
Formulated Orion Correlation Theory
People - Maria Reiche
Began mapping the Nazca lines in 1941. Used her background in mathematics to analyze how the Nazca created such huge figures. Lines were very Mathematically precise.
Simple explanation of techniques used to create the lines and analogies to living indigenous tradition in Peru.
People - Von Daniken
Wrote Chariots of the God in 1968
WIKIPEDIA:
a Swiss author of several books which make claims about extraterrestrial influences on early human culture, including the best-selling Chariots of the Gods?, published in 1968. Von Däniken is one of the main figures responsible for popularizing the “paleo-contact” and ancient astronauts hypotheses.
People - K’inich Janaab Pakal I
Born in 603 AD
Died on August 31st 683 AD
Ruler of Palenque
Ascended to the throne July 29th 615 AD
Inherited the trhone from his mother, Lady Sak K’ uk’
von Däniken claims that the image on the lid of his coffin shows Pakal piloting a rocket.
People - Howard Carter
- One of the individuals present at the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamen
- Died at 65, 17 years after entering the tomb, natural causes
People - Lard Carnarvon
- One of the individuals present at the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamen
- Died at 57, shortly after opening, pneumonia
People - Stefan Ossowiecki
- A psychic who claimed to have contact with Paleolithic people through handling stone artifacts
People - Edgar Cayce
- The most famous American psychic
- Had an “Atlantis Channel” which allowed him to provide detailed descriptions of Atlantis
Terms - Mastaba
- Mud-brick structures over burial pits
- Constructed by kings of Egypt in Dynastic period (~5100 ya)
Terms - Canopic Jar
Jar used in Mummification for storing preserved organs
Terms - Natron
Chemical compound used for cleaning and drying of bodies for Mummification
Terms - Ley lines
- Coined in 1921 to describe alignments of places of geographical and historical interest, such as ancient monuments, ridge-tops and fords.
- Later associated with spiritual and mystical theories about alignments of land forms, drawing on Chinese Feng Shui
Terms - Mayanism
Non-codified eclectic collection of beliefs,
influenced in part by Pre-Columbian Maya mythology and some folk beliefs of the modern Maya peoples
Terms - Dowsing
- type of divination employed in attempts to locate ground water, buried metals or ores, gemstones, oil, gravesites, and many other objects and materials without the use of scientific apparatus. Uses two metal rods to guide the user
Terms - Remote viewing
- Remote viewing (RV) is the practice of seeking impressions about a distant or unseen target, purportedly using extrasensory perception (ESP) or “sensing” with the mind.
- Typically a remote viewer is expected to give information about an object, event, person or location that is hidden from physical view and separated at some distance.
Terms - Galactic Alignment
- Rare event where solstice sun aligns with the Galactic Center (2012 being most recent event and the end-date of the Maya calendar)
- Doesn’t actually seem to be THAT rare…happened 1870, 1941, 2012
Terms - Haab
- 365 day cycle, 18 named months of 20 days each, plus 5 days of apprehension and bad luck at the end
- day after 4 Zotz would be 5 Zotz, followed by 6 Zotz … up to 19 Zotz, which is followed by 0 Tzec
- Started Long Count 13.0.0.0.0 corresponding to 8 K’umk’u
Terms - Tzolkin
- 260-day cycle, primarily religious and divinatory
- Guidance of daily affairs
- 20 named days combined with numbers 1-13, in which the exact combination of name and number would recur every 260 days
- Not based on natural phenomenon (seasons)
- Started on Long Count 13.0.0.0.0 corresponding to 4 Ahaw
Terms - Long Count
- The “end” of the Mayan calendar dated 13.0.0.0.0 coinciding with the rare Galactic Alignment which occurs every 26,000 years
- Starting point Aug 13, 3114 BC (may signify creation of the three Maya worlds)
Terms - Menhir
- A long, standing stone, anchored in the earth, used to mark a place as a memorial, sign of respect, or for astronomical observations
- 2-3 meters tall
Terms - Dolmen
- Burial place formed out of large stones with a large stone on top of other Menhir’s
Terms - Passage Grave
Type of Dolmen, large chamber tombs with passages
- 150 in northern half of UK
Terms - Henge
- Prehistoric oval or circular area, bounded by a mound or ditch, that contains standing stones or wooden pillars
- Over 1300 found in Great Britain
- Purposes: Communal Ceremonies, Calendrical purposes, created authority
Terms - Beaker Culture
- Hails from Alps mountains in Europe (Germany, Austria, Sweden, etc.) known for making a type of pottery called Beakers
Terms - Orion Correlation Theory
- Claims there is a correlation between the location of the 3 largest pyramids of Giza and the orientation of Orion’s Belt constellation
- Graham Hancock expanded the theory, arguing great Sphinx was referenced Leo and was constructed 10,500 BCE
- Further claimed unfinished pyramid south of Giza represents the star Bellatrix in Orion, pyramid of Djedefre at Abu Rawash, north of Giza represents the star Saiph
