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Xray Class > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is the principle hazard during normal dental radiographic procedures?

A

Scattered Radiation

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2
Q

What is Scattered Radiation?

A

Radiation that, during passage through a substance, has been deviated in direction. It may also have been modified by an increase in wavelengths.

Scattered Radiation is one form of secondary radiation.

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3
Q

Receptor Speed

A

If film is used:

  • fastest possible speed should be used for periodicals and bitewings.
  • E speed film (no longer manufactured) reduced patient exposure by at least 40% compared with D speed
  • F speed film reduces exposure by approximately 20% compared with E, for a reduction of approximately 60% compared with D speed

Digital imaging receptors are even more sensitive to radiation than film and require less exposure than even F speed film.

Charge-coupled Device (CCD) image receptor requires only about one tenth of the radiation of D speed film

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4
Q

Cone cutting

A

the characteristic error produced by not centering the cone completely over the film packet

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5
Q

Shadow Casting

A

1) X-ray should be emitted from as small a point source of radiation as possible
2) The distance from the X-ray source (focal point) to the object (tooth) should be as long as possible
3) The distance from the object (tooth) to the film should be as short as possible
4) The object (tooth) and the film should be parallel to each other
5) The x-ray beam should be directed at a right angle to the film plane and tooth.

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6
Q

How do silver restorations show up on radiographs?

A

radiopaque

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7
Q

Vertical Angulation

A

1) Important to prevent distortion of tooth images

2) Move the cone/tube head up and down

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8
Q

Selection Criteria for Radiographs

A

1) Every patient should be evaluated for dental radiographs on an individual basis
2) consider patients medical history and clinical examination

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9
Q

A film that appears black after processing

A

The film was accidentally exposed to light before processing

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10
Q

How do Gold Crown show up on radiographs?

A

Radiopaque

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11
Q

Extraoral film

A

A film that is placed outside the mouth during x-ray exposure

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12
Q

Identification dot on the intramural film

A

significant because the dot indicates the patients right or left side, the dot determines film orientation, and the dot is important in film mounting

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13
Q

How do caries appear on radiographs?

A

Radiolucent

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14
Q

Safelight

A

Should be placed 4 ft. about the workbench

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15
Q

Exposure of radiograph: Child vs adult

A

child requires less time than an adult

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16
Q

What is the ideal temperature when a film is processed?

A

68 degrees Fahrenheit

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17
Q

A herringbone (tractor treat) pattern on the processed radiograph indicates?

A

film was exposed backwards

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18
Q

Faster speed films

A

require a decrease in the exposure time settings

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19
Q

Horizontal Angulation

A

1) prevents overlap

2) determined by moving the cone sideways

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20
Q

Periapical Disease

A

1) destroys alveolar bone around the apex of a tooth

2) can be seen on a radiograph

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21
Q

Who diagnosis the radiograph?

A

always the dentist

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22
Q

If no lead barrier is available, where should the operator stand?

A

the operator should stand in position that is 6 ft from the machine and between 90 and 135 degrees from the x-ray cone

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23
Q

When higher kVp settings are used..

A

a reduced amount of exposure time is needed

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24
Q

What is the best technique of reducing the radiation exposure to both patient and operator?

A

used of fast speed film or digital radiography

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25
Q

What is the processing sequence for manual processing?

A

develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry

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26
Q

Unopened boxes of radiographic film should not be stored in the darkroom because?

A

1) chemical fumes from processing solutions may fog the film
2) Exposure to the safelight is not recommended
3) the box may have a tear that may expose the film and processing solutions could splash onto the boxes of film

27
Q

Intraoral films

A

dental films placed inside the mouth

28
Q

High sensitivity to low sensitivity cell type or tissue

A

High: small lymphocyte, bone marrow, reproductive cells, intestinal mucosa

Fairly High: skin, lens of the eye, Oral Mucosa

Medium: Connective Tissue, small blood vessels, growing bone and cartilage

Fairly low: mature bone and cartilage, salivary gland, thyroid gland, kidney, liver

Low: Muscle, Nerve

29
Q

Protection of the patient from unnecessary x-radiation

A

provided by using a lead apron, having a lead lined cone, a thyroid collar, and a collimator

30
Q

How are automatic processors faster than manual processing?

A

because they use higher temperatures, and special solutions

31
Q

When Exposing dental film

A

Gloves should be worn to prevent possible infection with HIV, Hepatitis B, Herpes, and any other disease

32
Q

Film Mounts

A

Should be labeled before using them

33
Q

How does the maxillary sinus show up on radiographs?

A

radiolucent

34
Q

A film that has been exposed to white light

A

will be completely black with no image on it when developed

35
Q

A film that has not been exposed to any radiation

A

will be completely clear when developed

36
Q

Paralleling technique with a positioning device advantages

A

1) it reduces x-radiation dose to the patient’s head and neck
2) it minimizes distortion of the radiographic image on the film
3) makes it easier for the operator to get a good quality films with fewer retakes

37
Q

A periapical radiograph

A

shows the entire tooth and surrounding structures

38
Q

Charged-coupled devices (CCDs_

A

are used in digital x-ray systems

39
Q

CCD receptor technique for placement

A

is the same as the technique used for radiographic film placement

40
Q

What are the least sensitive tissues in the head and neck area to radiation?

A

muscle cells

41
Q

What are the most sensitive tissues in the head and neck area to radiation?

A

lens of the eye and the thyroid gland

42
Q

What most effectively stops x-rays?

A

lead

43
Q

Characteristics of an x-ray?

A

1) Travels w/a wave like motion
2) Travels at the speed of light
3) causes ionization of matter

44
Q

Releasing the exposure switch before the exposure is completed will result in?

A

x-ray image being to light

45
Q

Radiation detecting device

A

should be worn in the dental office to estimate radiation absorbed by the wearer

46
Q

Panoramic Film

A

provides a single radiograph of the patients complete dentition

47
Q

How should the lead apron be stored?

A

should never be folded

48
Q

Digital Imaging

A

in order to used you must have the proper software, sensors, and monitors to display the images

49
Q

What is the correct vertical degree angulation for a bitewing radiograph?

A

+10

50
Q

Image matrix

A

the digital images are comprised of rows and columns of varying densities

51
Q

Copying Radiographs

A

must use duplicating film

52
Q

Edentulous patients

A

need radiographs also, generally a panoramic film is taken

53
Q

Calibrations of x-ray equipment?

A

should be done by a professional not the dental staff

54
Q

Incisive foramen

A

open in palate posterior to maxillary central incisors

55
Q

Nasal spine

A

bony wall that separates right and left nasal cavities

56
Q

Lingual Foramen

A

small, radiolucent opening on the mandible

57
Q

Maxillary Sinus

A

large radiolucent chamber seen above the maxillary posterior teeth

58
Q

Mixed dentition

A

presence of both primary and permanent teeth

59
Q

Mental foramen

A

radiolucent area almost always situated at or near mandibular bicuspid apices

60
Q

Mandibular canal

A

“tube” in the mandible containing inferior alveolar nerve and artery

61
Q

Pulp

A

radiolucent area in the center of each tooth containing nerves and blood vessels

62
Q

Zygomatic process

A

radiopaque U or J over maxillary first or second molar

63
Q

Lip Line

A

soft tissue shadow that may appear on a film

Xray Class (3 decks)

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