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Katia Test 3 Review > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Pre-Diabetic Blood Sugars

A

100-125 mg/dl; Nurses must teach about lifestyle changes to lower blood glucose. Oral hypoglycemic is an option at this point

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2
Q

How is blood sugar treatment effectiveness evaluated?

A

Hemoglobin A1C, glycosylated hemoglobin

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3
Q

What are normal blood sugars?

A

70-99 mg/dl

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4
Q

What blood sugars will a patient with hypoglycemia present? Why is this important?

A

Below 70 mg/dl. Hypoglycemia is more of an emergency than hyperglycemia, hypoglycemic patients should receive priority with nursing care

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5
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Related to lack of ADH; patient will have extremely high urinary output, causing patient to use restroom multiple times a day

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6
Q

What are symptoms of Cushings?

A

Hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, mood swings, gastric ulcers and decreased immunity

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7
Q

What is the onset of Humalog/lispro insulin?

A

Starts working in as early as 5-15 minutes

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8
Q

What does predinisone require tapering?

A

Glucocorticoid drug; should be tapered down if needed to stop medication to avoid adrenal insufficient crisis which can lead to circulatory collapse

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9
Q

What is the treatment for diabetes insipidus?

A

Synthetic form of ADH such as desmopressin or vasopressin

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10
Q

What is myxedema?

A

Group of symptoms associated with hypothyroidism, includes fatigue, weakness, muscle cramps, cold intolerance

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11
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

A

Refers to primary adrenal insufficiency; leads to symptoms such as syncope, weakness, fatigue, and darkness of skin

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12
Q

What therapy is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A

Iodine 131

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13
Q

What is seen with primary hypothyroidism diagnosis?

A

Low levels of T3 and T4, high levels of TSH

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14
Q

What is important patient education regarding migraines?

A

Choose a quiet and dark place when the headache begins

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15
Q

What should a nurse do if a patient is presenting a tonic clonic seizure?

A

Ensure patient safety, assess patient for injury, observe and note details of seizure and after seizure

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16
Q

What is status epilepticus?

A

Seizures that last greater than 20 minutes, medical emergency; nurses must give one of the abortive medications like gaba potentiator drugs such as Ativan or Valium IV

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17
Q

What is an adverse effect of overmedication of antiparkinson drugs?

A

Uncontrolled head movements (bobbing), must report to provider

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18
Q

What is necessary for a patient presenting with uncontrolled tonic clonic seizures?

A

Padded side rails, must be placed on oxygen mask, must have suction tubing available in the room

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19
Q

What is decorticate posturing?

A

Type of abnormal posturing which can take place in response to stimulation with internal rotation, adduction, and flexion of the arms

20
Q

What is mannitol?

A

Osmotic diuretic which can be given to patients that require their intercranial pressure to be lowered; ICP must be monitored

21
Q

What should nurses implement first with increased ICP?

A

Keep head of bed elevated to 30 degrees to improve drainage

22
Q

What is suspected of clear drainage discharge with head injury?

A

Clear drainage from the nose or ears must be checked for glucose content, indicative of leaking CSF

23
Q

What is the main concern with concussions?

A

Risk of epidural hematoma; sleeping should be avoided because this is an epidural bleeding and they may not wake up

24
Q

What should patients at risk of increased ICP avoid?

A

Suctioning unless extremely necessary, coughing or bearing down if constipated will also increase ICP

25
Q

LOC deterioration

A

REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ACTION, pt is deteriorating

26
Q

Why is viral load checked when patients are started on antiretroviral therapy?

A

Providers can see the effectiveness of the therapy

27
Q

What should be watched with antibiotic IV?

A

Pt complains of shortness of breath and itching, discontinue immediately

28
Q

What cross sensitivity is possible with penicillin allergies?

A

Cephalosporin, question if doctor prescribes for patient with penicillin allergy

29
Q

What do nurses check with insulin IV administration?

A

Patient potassium levels, potassium is shifted inside the cell

30
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Stooped posture, slow, shuffling, propulsive gait, slow , monotonous speech, tremors/pill-rolling tremor of fingers, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, masklike expression, difficulty chewing and swallowing, drooling, dryarthria, progressive difficulty with ADLs, mood swings, cognitive impairment

31
Q

What medications are used to treat Parkinson’s?

A 
dopaminergics (levodopa) to increase dopamine levels, 
dopamine agonists (bromocriptine [parlodel], ropinirole [requip], and pramipexole [mirapex]) to activate release of dopamine
anticholinergics (benztropine [cogentin], trihexyphenidyl [artane]) to control tremors and rigidity
COMT inhibitors (entacapone [comtan]) to decrease breakdown of levodopa to make dopamine more available in the brain
antivirals (amantadine [symmetrel]) to stimulate release of dopamine, prevent reuptake
32
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale

A

Eye opening 4-1
spontaneous, sound, pain, does not occur
Verbal 5-1
coherent/oriented, incoherent/disoriented, spoken words/inappropriate, sounds without words, does not occur
Motor 6-1
follows commands, local reaction to pain, general withdrawal to pain, decorticate posture, decerebrate posture, does not occur

33
Q

CDC definition of AIDS

A

Characterized by life-threatening opportunistic infections, end stage of HIV infection; without treatment, death occurs within 5 years

34
Q

Difference between HIV and AIDS

A

HIV is retrovirus transmitted through blood and body fluids; AIDS is end stage infection of HIV; all people who have AIDS have HIV but not all people who have HIV have AIDS

35
Q

How is HIV transmitted?

A

Unprotected sex, multiple sex partners, occupational exposure, perinatal exposure, blood transfusions, IV drug use with a contaminated needle

36
Q

Rifampin

A

Antibiotic; can interfere with oral contraceptives, may turn urine and other secretions orange; patient should report yellowing of skin, pain or swelling of joints, loss or appetite or malaise immediately

37
Q

HIV initial infection

A

Viremia for 2-3 weeks; large viral levels in blood make transmission more likely, followed by prolonged period of low viral load

38
Q

HIV acute infection

A

Flu-like symptoms (fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, headache, malaise, nausea, muscle and joint pain, diarrhea, or a diffuse rash accompanies seroconversion); occurs 2-4 weeks after infection, lasts 1-2 weeks

39
Q

HIV asymptomatic infection

A

Fatigue, headache, low-grade fever, night sweats, PGL, and other symptoms; most are unaware of infected status, median interval of 11 years between infection and diagnosis of AIDS

40
Q

HIV symptomatic infection

A

CD4+ T cells drop to 200 to 500 cells/μL, viral load increases, symptoms seen in earlier phases become worse, other problems develop, HIV advances to a more active state

41
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

systolic + 2(diastolic)/3

42
Q

What is direct observation therapy for patients receiving TB treatment?

A

Watching patient take medication to ensure medication adherence

43
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Adrenocortical insufficiency, caused by damage or dysfunction of the adrenal cortex; primary addison’s is caused by idiopathic autoimmune dysfunction, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis, adrenalectomy, cancer; secondary addison’s is caused by steroid withdrawal, hypophysectomy, pituitary neoplasm

44
Q

What patient teaching is initiated with induction phase of TB therapy?

A

Complete treatment for TB; four medication regimen includes isoniazid (nydrazid), rifampin (rifadin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol hydrochloride (myambutol)

45
Q

Clinical manifestations of Addison’s disease

A

Weight loss, craving for salt, hyperpigmentation, weakness and fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dizziness with orthostatic hypotension, severe hypotension, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hypercalcemia

Katia Test 3 Review (1 decks)

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