study Guide 5

Question 1

Where are sperm made?

Answer 1

Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules

Question 2

Where do sperm mature?

Answer 2

Sperm mature in the epididymis

Question 3

Accessory gland of male reproduction: Seminal Vesicles gland (3 facts)

Answer 3

• produce viscous alkaline seminal fluid (Fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzyme, and prostaglandin)
• 70% of semen volume.
• The ducts of seminal vesicles joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.

Question 4

Accessory gland of male reproduction: The prostate gland (5 facts)

Answer 4

• Encircles part of the urethra inferior to the bladder.
• It secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid.
• It contains citrate, enzymes, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
• It plays a role in activation of sperm.
• It enters the prostatic urethra during ejaculation.

Question 5

Accessory gland of male reproduction: The Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) (3 points)

Answer 5

• A pea sized gland inferior to the prostate.
• Prior to ejaculation it produces a thick clear mucous.
• The mucus lubricates the penis glans and neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the Urethra.

Question 6

How much ejaculate is produced? How many sperm?

Answer 6

2-5ml of ejaculate are produced which contains 20-150 million sperm/ml

Question 7

Where do FSH and LH come from?

Answer 7

FSH and LH comes from gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH.

Question 8

Where does testosterone come from? What’s it do for guys?

Answer 8

created in the insititiaul cells in response to LH. Gives them sex drives, muscles, bone density, facial hair, deepening of the voice

Question 9

Where does pregnancy occur?

Answer 9

the egg is fertilized in the fallopian tube and travels to the uterus and attaches to the lining of the uterus

Question 10

What causes menses?

Answer 10

Caused by the shedding of the lining of the uterus and egg due to the drop in estrogen and progesterone

Question 11

When does Oogenesis 1st begin?

Answer 11

Oogenesis is the production of female gamete (egg). it multiplies by mitosis. Women are born with the amount of eggs they will have for life. Oogenesis begins in the fetal period.

Question 12

When does spermatogenesis 1st begin?

Answer 12

Spermatogenesis begins at puberty and is the events that produce sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes

Question 13

What are the risk factors associated with breast cancer? Risk factors associated with breast cancer includes:

Answer 13

• Early onset of menstruation and late menopause
• No pregnancy or first pregnancy late in life
• Family history of breast cancer
Facts: 70% of women with breast cancer have no known risk factors

Question 14

Phases of 28 day cycle: Uterine (menstrual phase)

Answer 14

Days 1-5 menstrual phase
Days 6-14 proliferative (preovulatory) phase
Days 15-28 secretory (postovulatory) phase which has constant 14 day length

Question 15

Ovarian cycle:

Answer 15

Has 2 phases
1) Follicular phase is the period of follicle growth (days 1-14).
2) Luteal phase is the period of corpus luteum activity.
Ovulation occurs on day 14

Question 16

How long do eggs and sperm hang around before going “stale”?

Answer 16

Egg 12-24 hour sperm 72hours (3days). There is a 4day window for egg to get fertilized

Question 17

Know about STDs

Answer 17

it can cause PID, Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 18

Understand how oxytocin and prolactic work?

Answer 18

both on positive feedback cycle. Oxytocin causes contraction of the uterus and stimulates contraction of the cells in the breast to produce milk

Question 19

What are the muscles that are associated with the scrotum, and what are their functions?

Answer 19

There are two sets of muscles that keep temperatures in the scrotum constant

1. Smooth muscles that winkles the skin of the scrotum (dartos muscle) 
2. Bends of Skeletal muscles that elevate the testes

Question 20

What does FSH do in the male reproductive system

Answer 20

1) FSH causes sustentacular (testes) cells to release androgen-binding protein (ABP), which makes spermatogenetic cell receptive to testosterone.

Question 21

What does LH do in the male reproductive system?

Answer 21

LH stimulates interstitial cells to release testosterone

Question 22

Where is the site of fertilization?

Answer 22

Ampulla

Question 23

What does ciliated fibriae infundibulum do?

Answer 23

create currents to move oocyte into uterine tube

Question 24

What is ishmus?

Answer 24

constricted region where tube joins uterus

Question 25

Stratum functionalis (functional layer) does what?

Answer 25

• changes in response to ovarian hormone cycle

- is shed during menstration

Question 26

what causes the shedding of the functionalis?

Answer 26

spasms of spiral arteries

Question 27

What is the pathway of sperm

Answer 27

Testes- - epididymis- - ductus deferens- - spamatic cord to pelvis- - over ureter- - to prostate behind bladder- - ampulla of vas deferns +seminal vesicle=ejaculatory duct which passes through prostate ( prosthetic urethra)- - - membranous urethra- - corpus spongiosum- - spongy urethra