Study Guide 5

Question 1

It is the process in which we learn to become a member of any group.

Answer 1

Socialization

Question 2

The process of socialization is considered as ______.

Answer 2

Lifelong

Question 3

It is the process through which individuals learn the gender norms (and roles) of their society and come to develop and internal gender identity.

Answer 3

Gender Socialization

Question 4

It begins in all societies from the very moment we are born and assigned our sexes.

Answer 4

Gender Socialization

Question 5

Socialization may be more difficult for the ________.

Answer 5

Intersex

Question 6

We learn this through our interactions with others around us.

Answer 6

Gender

Question 7

Target of socialization

Answer 7

We/Us

Question 8

Agents of socialization

Answer 8

Other people, groups, and institutions

Question 9

Theories of gender socialization (4)

Answer 9

1. Social Learning Theory
2. Cognitive Development Theory (Kohlberg’s Theory)
3. Gender Schema Theory
4. Psychoanalytic Theory/Psychodynamic Theory (Oedipus Complex)

Question 10

Stages of Cognitive Development/Kohlberg’s Theory

Answer 10

1. Gender Identity/Labeling
2. Gender Stability
3. Gender Constancy

Question 11

2-3 years old in discrete, fixed development stages

Answer 11

Gender Identity/Labeling

Question 12

3-5 years old in discrete, fixed development stages

Answer 12

Gender Stability

Question 13

6-7 years old in discrete, fixed development stages

Answer 13

Gender Constancy/Consistency

Question 14

In this theory, gender socialization works by rewarding children for engaging in sex-types behavior consistent with their assigned sex category.

Answer 14

Social Learning Theory

Question 15

In this theory, learning is not always intentional but rather, latent learning happens when children imitate and model after same-sex parents/individuals.

Answer 15

Social Learning Theory

Question 16

It is the process where latent learning happens when children imitate and model after same-sex parents/individuals.

Answer 16

Identification

Question 17

This theory explains the ways how children acquire a sense of gender identity and the ability to gender-type themselves through a series of discrete, fixed developmental stages.

Answer 17

Cognitive Development Theory/Kohlberg’s Theory

Question 18

This theory suggests that cognitive structure and network of associations, sort and organize ideas around us regarding masculine and feminine categories of gender.

Answer 18

Gender Schema Theory

Question 19

This theory states that our gender schema shapes the way we perceive the world around us where we learn the content of our society’s gender schema and assimilate them into our own sense of selves.

Answer 19

Gender Schema Theory

Question 20

Two important lenses that shape the way we see gender that were identified by Sandra Bem. (2)

Answer 20

1. Androcentrism (male-centered)
2. Gender Polarization

Question 21

This theory highlights the importance of women’s status as mothers.

Answer 21

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory

Question 22

This theory states that gender becomes deeply embedded in our personality structures through the process of psychoanalytic identification and development of ego boundaries.

Answer 22

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory

the id—unconscious source of primitive sexual, dependency, and aggressive impulses;
the superego—subconsciously interjects societal mores, setting standards to live by; and;
the ego—represents a sense of self and mediates between realities of the moment and psychic needs and conflicts.

Question 23

In some societies, this begins even before the baby is born as certain assumptions are already gender existing.

Answer 23

Primary Socialization

Question 24

Female infants are more valued because of this.

Answer 24

Bride Wealth

Question 25

An example of how societies influence how families socialize gender.

Answer 25

One-children Policy in China

Question 26

This is influence by the medical community, especially in the developed countries.

Answer 26

Socialization of intersex children

Question 27

They are important agents in the gender socialization as children grow older.

Answer 27

Peer Groups

Question 28

One of the things that children learn wherein their friendship and social world are most often stratified within each gender.

Answer 28

Hegemonic Masculinity

Question 29

Gender socialization is influenced by these people as we grow older.

Answer 29

Secondary Groups

Question 30

The adoption of qualities of the opposite sex.

Answer 30

Androgenization