Study Guide 5 Flashcards
It is the process in which we learn to become a member of any group.
Socialization
The process of socialization is considered as ______.
Lifelong
It is the process through which individuals learn the gender norms (and roles) of their society and come to develop and internal gender identity.
Gender Socialization
It begins in all societies from the very moment we are born and assigned our sexes.
Gender Socialization
Socialization may be more difficult for the ________.
Intersex
We learn this through our interactions with others around us.
Gender
Target of socialization
We/Us
Agents of socialization
Other people, groups, and institutions
Theories of gender socialization (4)
- Social Learning Theory
- Cognitive Development Theory (Kohlberg’s Theory)
- Gender Schema Theory
- Psychoanalytic Theory/Psychodynamic Theory (Oedipus Complex)
Stages of Cognitive Development/Kohlberg’s Theory
- Gender Identity/Labeling
- Gender Stability
- Gender Constancy
2-3 years old in discrete, fixed development stages
Gender Identity/Labeling
3-5 years old in discrete, fixed development stages
Gender Stability
6-7 years old in discrete, fixed development stages
Gender Constancy/Consistency
In this theory, gender socialization works by rewarding children for engaging in sex-types behavior consistent with their assigned sex category.
Social Learning Theory
In this theory, learning is not always intentional but rather, latent learning happens when children imitate and model after same-sex parents/individuals.
Social Learning Theory
It is the process where latent learning happens when children imitate and model after same-sex parents/individuals.
Identification
This theory explains the ways how children acquire a sense of gender identity and the ability to gender-type themselves through a series of discrete, fixed developmental stages.
Cognitive Development Theory/Kohlberg’s Theory
This theory suggests that cognitive structure and network of associations, sort and organize ideas around us regarding masculine and feminine categories of gender.
Gender Schema Theory
This theory states that our gender schema shapes the way we perceive the world around us where we learn the content of our society’s gender schema and assimilate them into our own sense of selves.
Gender Schema Theory
Two important lenses that shape the way we see gender that were identified by Sandra Bem. (2)
- Androcentrism (male-centered)
- Gender Polarization
This theory highlights the importance of women’s status as mothers.
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory
This theory states that gender becomes deeply embedded in our personality structures through the process of psychoanalytic identification and development of ego boundaries.
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory
the id—unconscious source of primitive sexual, dependency, and aggressive impulses;
the superego—subconsciously interjects societal mores, setting standards to live by; and;
the ego—represents a sense of self and mediates between realities of the moment and psychic needs and conflicts.
In some societies, this begins even before the baby is born as certain assumptions are already gender existing.
Primary Socialization
Female infants are more valued because of this.
Bride Wealth
An example of how societies influence how families socialize gender.
One-children Policy in China
This is influence by the medical community, especially in the developed countries.
Socialization of intersex children
They are important agents in the gender socialization as children grow older.
Peer Groups
One of the things that children learn wherein their friendship and social world are most often stratified within each gender.
Hegemonic Masculinity
Gender socialization is influenced by these people as we grow older.
Secondary Groups
The adoption of qualities of the opposite sex.
Androgenization