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Bio 204 > Study Guide 3 > Flashcards

Study Guide 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Innate Immunity

A

Active all the time, mostly effective, and resistant to plant and animal pathogens.

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2
Q

What is your first line of defense from pathogens?

A

Antimicrobial peptides
* Present in skin, mucous membranes and neutrophils

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3
Q

What process and chemicals are involved in your first line of defense?

A

Many organs secrete chemicals with antimicrobial properties
ex.(stomach acids, bile, urine)

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4
Q

What happens in the body when the first line of defense is breached? (penetrates through skin or mucous membranes)

A

The second line of defense attacks the pathogen, our blood.

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5
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

Immunity we form throughout our life

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6
Q

Active Immunity

A

Immunity you develop yourself

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7
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Immunity you acquire from someone or something else

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8
Q

Active/Natural Immunity

A

Antibodies made after exposure to an infection

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9
Q

Active/Artificial Immunity

A

Antibodies made after getting a vaccine

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10
Q

Passive/Natural Immunity

A

Antibodies transferred from mother to baby via breast milk

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11
Q

Passive/Artificial Immunity

A

Antibodies acquired from an immune serum medicine.

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12
Q

Where are T cells developed?

A

Developed within the red bone marrow and matured in the thymus gland.

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13
Q

When is the primary lymphoid organ most active?

A

The Thymus gland is most active during infancy, childhood, and early adolescence.

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14
Q

What do T lymphocytes do?

A

They circulate in the lymph organs and in the blood. They migrate to the spleen, lymph nodes. They do not recognize epitopes directly and act against tumor/cancer cells.

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15
Q

T-cells are

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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16
Q

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

A

Kill other cells, binds by epitope and perforates its cell wall by perforin and secretes an enzyme called granzyme that triggers cell to activate apoptosis (self-euthanasia

17
Q

Helper T lymphocytes

A

Regulates and orchestrates immune responses

18
Q

Regulatory T lymphocytes

A

Represses adaptive immune responses. Knows when to stop killing cells

19
Q

Memory T Cells

A

Persists for months and years in lymphoid tissues, as soon as exposed to pathogens it immediately attacks. It’s quicker in response.

20
Q

What are MHC molecules?

A

They are a group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances. (self v non self)

21
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

Major Histocompatibility Complex

22
Q

MHC Class 1?

A

Class I MHC molecules span the membrane of almost every cell in an organism

23
Q

What can happen when the normal microbiota is disrupted?

A

If they are introduced to an unusual site of the body. If broad spectrum antibiotics are used and completely alters the normal state of microbiota causing super infections.

24
Q

When is normal microbiota established in one’s body?

A

Within the first two months of life

25
Q

Resident Microbiota

A

Mostly commensal, are part of the normal microbiota throughout life
ex.(E.coli in gut, S. Epi on the skin.

26
Q

Transient Microbiota

A

Remain in body for short periods of time in the same region as resident microbiota, due to competition from other microorganisms, elimination by the bodies defense cells, and chemical of physical changes in the body.

27
Q

Symbiosis

A

Symbiosis means “to live together”
* We have symbiotic relationships with countless microorganisms

28
Q

Mutualism

A

Organisms work dynamically with each-other +/+
ex.(bacterial flora in gut)

29
Q

Commencialism

A

One organism benefits, the other gains nor loses +/ 0
ex.(Staph epidermidis)

30
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits, the other suffers +/-
ex.(HIV,Ebola,Chlamydia,Syphilis)

31
Q

What happens after the first exposure to an antigen?

A

During the first exposure, first a lag period, at the 3rd day the first antibody produced (IgM) reacts first and also dies first. The second antibody (IgG) responds halfway through the death of IgM and lasts longer with the height of its productivity being at 15 days. Takes longer to get better

32
Q

What happens after the second exposure to an antigen?

A

During the second exposure there is no lag period, the (IgG) antibody is the first to respond and lasts about a week, the antibody (IgM) peaks at the third day and dies immediately after.

33
Q

Why do you need a booster shot for some vaccines?

A

So the IgG antibodies already recognize the antigen and can react quicker and protect the body for longer.

Bio 204 (3 decks)

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