Study Guide Flashcards
What is crossing over
the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes’
Why is crossing over important
it creates genetic diversity, ensures variation in offspring produced from sexual reproduction
Tetrad
composed of two homologous chromosomes, each containing two sister chromatids (XX)
Gene
a specific sequence of DNA on a chromosome that carries the genetic information for a particular trait, separated and distributed into gametes
Sister chromatids
the two identical copies of a chromosome created during DNA replication before meiosis begins
Homologous Chromosomes
a pair of chromosomes in a diploid organism that carry the same genes, inherited from both parents (male and female)
Diploid vs haploid
A “haploid” cell contains only one set of chromosomes, while a “diploid” cell contains two sets of chromosomes, with one set coming from each parent.
Diploid
Has two sets of chromosomes
Haploid
the genetic material of the parent cell is divided up twice, resulting in these haploid cells with only one set of chromosomes.
Gamete
a reproductive cell, also known as a sex cell, which is produced through the process of meiosis
Zygote
The combined sperm and egg, a fertilized egg cell that is formed when a sperm cell and an egg cell join.
Spermatogenesis product
4 spermatozoa (mature sperm cells)
Oogenesis product
a mature ovum (egg cell) and three polar bodies
Stages of Mitosis
PMAT
Outcome of Meiosis I
two haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Outcome of Meiosis II
four haploid daughter cells, each containing a single copy of each chromosome
What are polar bodies?
non-functional cells produced during the meiotic division of an oocyte (egg cell),
Why are polar bodies produced
to ensure the mature egg cell (ovum) receives the majority of the cytoplasm and nutrients
