Study Guide Flashcards
What do Biologists study?
Life
Biologists focus on all aspects of living organisms.
What is the correct order of taxonomic ranks?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
These ranks are used in the classification of organisms.
How do you write the scientific name?
2 words: Genus species
The genus is capitalized, while the species name is not.
What is a dichotomous key?
Tool to identify the identity of items in the world
It is often used in biology to categorize organisms.
What is a specimen?
An individual being used as an example of its species
Specimens are often used for study and observation.
What happens to your view of the specimen when you increase magnification on a microscope?
More details
Higher magnification allows for a closer examination of the specimen.
What are the 3 microscope magnifications on a compound microscope?
4x, 10x, 40x
These magnifications correspond to different objectives on the microscope.
What are the total magnifications for the three microscope settings?
40x, 100x, 400x
This is achieved by multiplying the objective magnification by the eyepiece magnification.
What are cells?
Basic unit of life
Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms.
What are the three parts of cell theory?
- All organisms are made of multiple cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
- All cells come from other existing cells
Cell theory is a foundational concept in biology that describes the properties of cells.
Do cell organelles have the same jobs or different jobs?
Different
Each organelle performs unique functions necessary for cell survival and operation.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Keeps DNA, directs cell’s activities
The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Use sugar molecules to create cellular energy
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Separates inside of the cell from the outside
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, controlling what enters and exits the cell.
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?
- Central vacuole
- Chloroplast
- Cell wall
These organelles are essential for processes like photosynthesis and maintaining cell structure.
List three organelles that plant cells and animal cells have in common.
- Golgi body
- Nucleolus
- Cytoplasm
These organelles perform vital functions in both types of cells.
What is an example of a unicellular organism?
Bacteria
Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that can carry out all life processes.
What is an example of a multicellular organism?
Plants
Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells that work together.
What are two examples of specialized cells in humans?
- Nerve cells
- Blood cells
Specialized cells perform unique functions tailored to specific tasks in the body.
