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integumentary system test > study guide > Flashcards

study guide Flashcards

1
Q

structures in the integumentary system include:

A

skin, hair, nails, sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, bloody vessels, nerve endings, hair follicle, and arrector pili muscle

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2
Q

the 2 layers of skin

A

dermis, epidermis (hypodermis - layer beneath the skin)

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3
Q

means skin

A

derm
cutaneous

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4
Q

skin is the thickest in these places

A

soles of feet, palms of hands (more pressure)

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5
Q

skin is thinnest in this area

A

eyelids

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6
Q

how does your skin protect you?

A
  1. acts as a barrier against external factors and elements
  2. helps regulate body temp.
  3. prevents water loss
  4. houses nerve receptors to sense touch, pain, temperature
  5. synthesize vitamin D when cells are exposed to UV
  6. excrete waste through sweat
  7. immune response
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7
Q

mostly epithelial tissue (keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells) but some others

A

epidermis

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8
Q

nerve endings sensitive to pressure/touch

A

epidermis

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9
Q

avascular

A

epidermis

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10
Q

functions of the epidermis include:

A
  1. prevent excess water loss of the lowest layers of the skin
  2. keeps out pathogens and allergens (keratinized cells form barrier)
  3. protects from physical harm
  4. produces melanocytes to protect from UV
  5. touch sensations
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11
Q

epidermis’s 5 distinct individual layers

A
  1. stratum corneum - most superficial
  2. stratum lucidium - found in thicker layers of skin
  3. stratum basale - deepest layer and cells can reproduce
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12
Q

keratinocytes (epidermis)

A

(90%) - cells that produce keratin

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13
Q

melanocytes (epidermis)

A

(8%) - cells that produce melanin

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14
Q

langerhans cells (epidermis)

A

cells that aid immune system for skin and are easily damaged by UV radiation

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15
Q

Merkel cells (epidermis)

A

mechanoreceptors that sense touch

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16
Q

contains all 4 types of tissue

A

dermis

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17
Q

thickest layer of the skin

A

dermis

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18
Q

vascular

A

dermis, hypodermis

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19
Q

connects the dermis to the epidermis

A

basement membrane

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20
Q

two layers of the dermis

A

papillary (upper and smaller)
reticular (lower and bigger

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21
Q

have nerve endings sensative to heat, pain, pressure/touch

A

dermis

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22
Q

thermoreceptors

A

temp. receptors

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23
Q

nocireceptors

A

pain receptors

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24
Q

mechoreceptors

A

movement receptors - helps body know where other body parts are

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25
Q

fibroblasts (dermis)

A

cells that produce fibers

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26
Q

macrophages (dermis)

A

cells that engulf other cells/viruses/bacteria

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27
Q

adipocytes (dermis)

A

cells that produce and store fat

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28
Q

this layer has sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and some adipose tissue

A

dermis

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29
Q

composed of mostly connective tissue (mostly adipose), some nervous tissue and blood vessles

A

hypodermis

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30
Q

have nerve endings sensitive to cold and pressure

A

hypodermis

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31
Q

functions of the hypodermis include:

A

insulation, energy storage, protection

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32
Q

the ABCDEs of skin cancer detection

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter
Evolution

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33
Q

factors that affect skin color

A
  1. GENETICS
  2. environmental factors - UV, cold, wind
  3. nutrition
  4. disease or disorders
  5. blood circulation
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34
Q

hard keratinized epidermal cells over surface of fingers and toes

A

nails

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35
Q

functions of nails include:

A

protection and aids in grasping of objects

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36
Q

functions of hair include:

A

protection and insulation

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37
Q

where is hair NOT present

A

palms, soles, lips, nipples, and parts of the external reproductive organs

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38
Q

what structures are attached to the hair follicle

A

arrector pili muscles
sebaceous glands

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39
Q

a tube-like depression in the skin from which hair develops

A

hair follicle

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40
Q

functions of glands include:

A

secrete various substances

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41
Q

produces sebum that moistens hair, waterproofs and softens skin, and inhibits bacterial growth

A

sebaceous gland

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42
Q

produces sweat to regulate body temp, and carries wastes to the surface of the skin

A

sudoriferous glands

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43
Q

specialized sudoriferous glands that secrete milk and earwax

A

mammary and ceruminous glands

44
Q

the duct attaches to the hair follicle

A

aprocrine

45
Q

activated when there is elevated body temp.

A

eccrine

46
Q

activated later in life due to increased hormones at puberty

A

aprocrine

47
Q

common on forehead, neck, and back

A

eccrine

48
Q

sweat is mostly water carried to the surface through a duct to a pore

A

eccrine

49
Q

produces sweat when a person is emotionally upset, frightened or in pain

A

aprocrine

50
Q

most numerous in the groin, axillary

A

aprocrine

51
Q

this sweat has a higher composition of fat

A

aprocrine

52
Q

epidermal ridges are created by

A

a layer in the dermis called the dermal papillae

53
Q

eumelanin

A

brown to black pigment

54
Q

pheomelanin

A

reddish to yellow pigment

55
Q

dermatitis

A

swelling of the skin

56
Q

allergen

A

something to which you are alergic

57
Q

histamine

A

chemical released from mast cells in response to an allergen

58
Q

pruritus

A

itching

59
Q

xerosis

A

dry skin

60
Q

hyoerhidrosis

A

excessive sweating

61
Q

anhidrosis

A

decreased sweating

62
Q

melanin

A

a protein pigment that gives the skin, hair, and eyes their color

63
Q

freckles (ephelides)

A

accumulation of melanin patches

64
Q

mole (nevus)

A

a benign (non-cancerous) growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes

65
Q

keratin

A

protein found in hair, skin, nails that give strength and waterproofing

66
Q

sebum

A

oil produced by sebaceous glands and keeps skin and hair soft and waterproof

67
Q

alopecia

A

hair loss

68
Q

urticaria (hives)

A

allergic reaction of the skin that produces reddish elevated patches

69
Q

ulcer

A

open sore

70
Q

lanugo

A

hair follicles that develop in the 5th month of fetal development that recede beneath the skin near birth

71
Q

hypertrichosis

A

a disorder in which hair follicles continue to produce hair in areas that normally cease producing hair

72
Q

urushiol

A

oil or resin contained in poison ivy, oak, and sumac

73
Q

epidermal derivatives

A

structures/organs that develop from the epidermis
ex. hair, nails, glands

74
Q

jaundice

A

a condition in which a yellowish color to skin is caused by the release of bilirubin in the epidermis

75
Q

albinism

A

the inherited inability to produce melanin

76
Q

vitiligo

A

the partial or complete loss of melanocytes from areas of the skin resulting in irregular white spots/patches

77
Q

cyanosis

A

a condition in which a bluish skin color is caused by poor oxygen amounts in blood

78
Q

what does skin cancer arise from

A

nonpigmented epithelial cells deep in the epidermis

79
Q

skin cancers originating from epithelial cells

A

cutaneous carcinomas (most common)

80
Q

skin cancer arising in melanocytes

A

cutaneous melanomas

81
Q

____ people develop skin cancer in the US

A

1 in 5

82
Q

develop from hard, dry, scaly growths with reddish bases

A

cutaneous carcinomas

83
Q

affects people 40+

A

cutaneous carcinomas

84
Q

removed by surgery or radiation

A

cutaneous carcinomas

85
Q

often brown, black, gray, blue and have irregular, bumpy outlines

A

cutaneous melanomas

86
Q

people of any age can develop

A

cutaneous melanomas

87
Q

caused by short exposure to intense sunlight

A

cutaneous melanomas

88
Q

surgical removal, but once it thickens and deepens the survival rate is low

A

cutaneous melanomas

89
Q

slow growth

A

cutaneous carcinomas

90
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

dermis

91
Q

adipose tissue

A

dermis, subcutaneous

92
Q

fibroblasts

A

dermis

93
Q

melonocytes

A

epidermis

94
Q

sebaceous glands

A

dermis

95
Q

a common skin disorder in which the hair follicles get clogged with oil, skin debris, and bacteria

A

acne vulgaris

96
Q

an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by severe itching, redness, oozing, and scaly rashes

A

Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)

97
Q

a skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form scales

A

Psoriasis

98
Q

a solitary circular red patch with a raised scaly leading edge. A lesion spreads out from the centre forming a ring-shape with central hypopigmentation and a peripheral scaly red rim

A

Tinea Corporis

99
Q

painful fluid-filled sores that form on the outside of the mouth around the lips

A

Fever Blisters (also known as cold sores)

100
Q

small, grainy bumps that are rough to the touch

A

Warts

101
Q

a rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually turn into scabs caused by VZV

A

Chickenpox

102
Q

a painful, usually itchy, rash that develops on one side of the face or body caused by VZV

A

Shingles

103
Q

a parasitic infestation caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash

A

Scabies

104
Q

a fungal skin infection that usually begins between the toes

A

Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)

105
Q

Flaking skin on your scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard or mustache

A

Seborrheic Dermatitis (dandruff)

106
Q

small, shallow ulcers that occur in the lining of your mouth

A

Canker sores — or aphthous ulcers

107
Q

tiny, wingless insects that feed on human blood

A

Lice

integumentary system test (1 decks)

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