study guide Flashcards
1
Q
structures in the integumentary system include:
A
skin, hair, nails, sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, bloody vessels, nerve endings, hair follicle, and arrector pili muscle
2
Q
the 2 layers of skin
A
dermis, epidermis (hypodermis - layer beneath the skin)
3
Q
means skin
A
derm
cutaneous
4
Q
skin is the thickest in these places
A
soles of feet, palms of hands (more pressure)
5
Q
skin is thinnest in this area
A
eyelids
6
Q
how does your skin protect you?
A
- acts as a barrier against external factors and elements
- helps regulate body temp.
- prevents water loss
- houses nerve receptors to sense touch, pain, temperature
- synthesize vitamin D when cells are exposed to UV
- excrete waste through sweat
- immune response
7
Q
mostly epithelial tissue (keratinized stratified squamous epithelial cells) but some others
A
epidermis
8
Q
nerve endings sensitive to pressure/touch
A
epidermis
9
Q
avascular
A
epidermis
10
Q
functions of the epidermis include:
A
- prevent excess water loss of the lowest layers of the skin
- keeps out pathogens and allergens (keratinized cells form barrier)
- protects from physical harm
- produces melanocytes to protect from UV
- touch sensations
11
Q
epidermis’s 5 distinct individual layers
A
- stratum corneum - most superficial
- stratum lucidium - found in thicker layers of skin
- stratum basale - deepest layer and cells can reproduce
12
Q
keratinocytes (epidermis)
A
(90%) - cells that produce keratin
13
Q
melanocytes (epidermis)
A
(8%) - cells that produce melanin
14
Q
langerhans cells (epidermis)
A
cells that aid immune system for skin and are easily damaged by UV radiation
15
Q
Merkel cells (epidermis)
A
mechanoreceptors that sense touch
16
Q
contains all 4 types of tissue
A
dermis
17
Q
thickest layer of the skin
A
dermis
18
Q
vascular
A
dermis, hypodermis
19
Q
connects the dermis to the epidermis
A
basement membrane
20
Q
two layers of the dermis
A
papillary (upper and smaller)
reticular (lower and bigger
21
Q
have nerve endings sensative to heat, pain, pressure/touch
A
dermis
22
Q
thermoreceptors
A
temp. receptors
23
Q
nocireceptors
A
pain receptors
24
Q
mechoreceptors
A
movement receptors - helps body know where other body parts are
25
fibroblasts (dermis)
cells that produce fibers
26
macrophages (dermis)
cells that engulf other cells/viruses/bacteria
27
adipocytes (dermis)
cells that produce and store fat
28
this layer has sudoriferous and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and some adipose tissue
dermis
29
composed of mostly connective tissue (mostly adipose), some nervous tissue and blood vessles
hypodermis
30
have nerve endings sensitive to cold and pressure
hypodermis
31
functions of the hypodermis include:
insulation, energy storage, protection
32
the ABCDEs of skin cancer detection
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diameter
Evolution
33
factors that affect skin color
1. GENETICS
2. environmental factors - UV, cold, wind
3. nutrition
4. disease or disorders
5. blood circulation
34
hard keratinized epidermal cells over surface of fingers and toes
nails
35
functions of nails include:
protection and aids in grasping of objects
36
functions of hair include:
protection and insulation
37
where is hair NOT present
palms, soles, lips, nipples, and parts of the external reproductive organs
38
what structures are attached to the hair follicle
arrector pili muscles
sebaceous glands
39
a tube-like depression in the skin from which hair develops
hair follicle
40
functions of glands include:
secrete various substances
41
produces sebum that moistens hair, waterproofs and softens skin, and inhibits bacterial growth
sebaceous gland
42
produces sweat to regulate body temp, and carries wastes to the surface of the skin
sudoriferous glands
43
specialized sudoriferous glands that secrete milk and earwax
mammary and ceruminous glands
44
the duct attaches to the hair follicle
aprocrine
45
activated when there is elevated body temp.
eccrine
46
activated later in life due to increased hormones at puberty
aprocrine
47
common on forehead, neck, and back
eccrine
48
sweat is mostly water carried to the surface through a duct to a pore
eccrine
49
produces sweat when a person is emotionally upset, frightened or in pain
aprocrine
50
most numerous in the groin, axillary
aprocrine
51
this sweat has a higher composition of fat
aprocrine
52
epidermal ridges are created by
a layer in the dermis called the dermal papillae
53
eumelanin
brown to black pigment
54
pheomelanin
reddish to yellow pigment
55
dermatitis
swelling of the skin
56
allergen
something to which you are alergic
57
histamine
chemical released from mast cells in response to an allergen
58
pruritus
itching
59
xerosis
dry skin
60
hyoerhidrosis
excessive sweating
61
anhidrosis
decreased sweating
62
melanin
a protein pigment that gives the skin, hair, and eyes their color
63
freckles (ephelides)
accumulation of melanin patches
64
mole (nevus)
a benign (non-cancerous) growth on the skin that is formed by a cluster of melanocytes
65
keratin
protein found in hair, skin, nails that give strength and waterproofing
66
sebum
oil produced by sebaceous glands and keeps skin and hair soft and waterproof
67
alopecia
hair loss
68
urticaria (hives)
allergic reaction of the skin that produces reddish elevated patches
69
ulcer
open sore
70
lanugo
hair follicles that develop in the 5th month of fetal development that recede beneath the skin near birth
71
hypertrichosis
a disorder in which hair follicles continue to produce hair in areas that normally cease producing hair
72
urushiol
oil or resin contained in poison ivy, oak, and sumac
73
epidermal derivatives
structures/organs that develop from the epidermis
ex. hair, nails, glands
74
jaundice
a condition in which a yellowish color to skin is caused by the release of bilirubin in the epidermis
75
albinism
the inherited inability to produce melanin
76
vitiligo
the partial or complete loss of melanocytes from areas of the skin resulting in irregular white spots/patches
77
cyanosis
a condition in which a bluish skin color is caused by poor oxygen amounts in blood
78
what does skin cancer arise from
nonpigmented epithelial cells deep in the epidermis
79
skin cancers originating from epithelial cells
cutaneous carcinomas (most common)
80
skin cancer arising in melanocytes
cutaneous melanomas
81
____ people develop skin cancer in the US
1 in 5
82
develop from hard, dry, scaly growths with reddish bases
cutaneous carcinomas
83
affects people 40+
cutaneous carcinomas
84
removed by surgery or radiation
cutaneous carcinomas
85
often brown, black, gray, blue and have irregular, bumpy outlines
cutaneous melanomas
86
people of any age can develop
cutaneous melanomas
87
caused by short exposure to intense sunlight
cutaneous melanomas
88
surgical removal, but once it thickens and deepens the survival rate is low
cutaneous melanomas
89
slow growth
cutaneous carcinomas
90
arrector pili muscle
dermis
91
adipose tissue
dermis, subcutaneous
92
fibroblasts
dermis
93
melonocytes
epidermis
94
sebaceous glands
dermis
95
a common skin disorder in which the hair follicles get clogged with oil, skin debris, and bacteria
acne vulgaris
96
an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by severe itching, redness, oozing, and scaly rashes
Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)
97
a skin condition that causes flaky patches of skin which form scales
Psoriasis
98
a solitary circular red patch with a raised scaly leading edge. A lesion spreads out from the centre forming a ring-shape with central hypopigmentation and a peripheral scaly red rim
Tinea Corporis
99
painful fluid-filled sores that form on the outside of the mouth around the lips
Fever Blisters (also known as cold sores)
100
small, grainy bumps that are rough to the touch
Warts
101
a rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually turn into scabs caused by VZV
Chickenpox
102
a painful, usually itchy, rash that develops on one side of the face or body caused by VZV
Shingles
103
a parasitic infestation caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin and lay eggs, causing intense itching and a rash
Scabies
104
a fungal skin infection that usually begins between the toes
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis)
105
Flaking skin on your scalp, hair, eyebrows, beard or mustache
Seborrheic Dermatitis (dandruff)
106
small, shallow ulcers that occur in the lining of your mouth
Canker sores — or aphthous ulcers
107
tiny, wingless insects that feed on human blood
Lice
