Study Guide Flashcards
What needs to be on a patient’s medication list?
- Prescriptions they are taking
- Over-the-counter medication’s
- Supplements they are taking
- Herbal medication’s they are taking
What are the rules for writing numbers when writing a dosage for a medication?
- No fractions
- If decimal, must have zero in front of the decimal (0.25)
- If a whole number, no decimal at the end (3)
How many times do we verify medication for injections?
- When taking medication off shelf
- When preparing medication
- Before administering medication to patient
Why does the needle need to be below fluid level when withdrawing medication?
prevent air from entering the syringe
What is the follow up for a positive TB tested patient?
Chest x-ray or sputum sample
What is considered positive when reading a TB test?
must have induration of 5mm
When do we read a TB test?
48 to 72 hours after
What is medication administration?
when a medical professional is giving medication face-to-face to a patient in clinical setting
What is the site used for intradermal injections?
Anterior of forearm
What is the most common site for subcutaneous injections for adults?
lateral aspect of upper arm (arm fat)
What medication is commonly administered in case of an analytic shot?
Epinephrine
What is a wheal and how do we create one?
- small raised area of skin referring to the area we get when injecting medication intradermally
- When creating wheal, ensure bevel is facing upwards
What is Mantoux?
TB test
What is the purpose of a safety syringe?
to reduce the risk of needle injury
What is a vile and why do we need to inject air into a vile?
- Closed glass container with a rubber stopper
- Injecting air makes it easier of being able to pull medication out because it is under a vacuum
What is an ampule and why do we not inject air into an ampule?
- small sealed glass container with a single dose of medication
- Do not inject air because it is not under a vacuum
What is erthema?
An area of redness
What is induration?
an area of hardened tissue
What is Z-Track and why do we use this method?
- a special type of intramuscular injection by holding the skin to the side
- Makes medication less likely to come up because when the skin is released, the injection is
not lined up
What is aspiration?
Confirms you are not in a blood vessel, pulling back on the plunger slightly to ensure blood
does not enter the syringe
What drug is most commonly administered and how is it administered?
Insulin, administered subcutaneously
What is luer-lok?
Refers to type of needle/tip of syringe
Identify 4 parts of the syringe:
- Tip - part that attaches to the needle
- Barrel - where substances go into
- Plunger - part that gets pushed up and down
- Flange - allows you to press and hold for grip
Identify 5 parts of the needle:
- Point - very tip of needle
- Bevel - slanted edge
- Shaft - neck or body of the needle
- Hilt - needle attaches to hub
- Hub - plastic that attaches to the syringe
What is gauge?
the width of a needle (smaller gauge number indicates larger lumen of needle)
What does CC mean?
cubic centimeter (equal to 1 mL)
What is parenteral?
Any form of medication delivery by breaking the skin
What are capsules?
a drug that is contained in gelatin and water soluble
What is a tablet?
powdered drug that has been pressed into a disc
How deep should a subcutaneous injection be?
1 mL or less
How do we minimize patient discomfort?
- Allow alcohol to dry completely
- Insert needle quickly
- Hold needle stable when inside the patient
- Withdraw needle and angle you put it in
- Hold skin taught for easier insertion
Why is medication absorbed rapidly through the intramuscular route?
because the muscle tissue contains abundance of blood vessels
What tissue does the needle enter during an intradermal injection?
intra-dermal space between epidermis and dermis
What tissue does the needle enter during a subcutaneous injection?
fatty, adipose tissue
What tissue does the needle enter during an intramuscular injection?
Muscle
What site is safer? Ventral gluteal site or dorsal gluteal site?
ventral gluteal site
What is a con of the deltoid site? How much medication can be administered at the deltoid
site?
deltoid is a small muscle and if injected too low, might hit radial artery/nerve, cannot take alot of medication (1 mL or less)
What sites should not be used for infants and young children?
Dorsal gluteal and deltoid site
Why is it a bad idea to choose the door so gluteal site?
potential injury of sciatic nerve
Identify the steps to find the site of the ventral gluteal. Why would we use this site?
- Place palm of greater counter of hip
- Have middle finger go up to iliac crest
- Stretch out pointer finger as far away
- The middle of the spot between the fingers
- site is a large muscle and can absorb lots of medication
Identify the steps to find the site of the dorsal gluteal. Why would we use the site?
- Divide buttocks into 4 quadrants
- Go in the middle of upper outer quadrant
- site is a large muscle and can absorb lots of medication
Identify the steps to find the site of the vastus lateralis. Why would we use this site?
- Bear the entire thigh
- Go into the middle, 3rd of the entire thigh
- the site is preferred for infants and young children
Identify the steps to find the deltoid. Why would we use the site?
- Find acromion process of shoulder
- Travel down 3finger widths to find deltoid muscle bounce back
- Site is easily accessible
What are examples of subcutaneous injections?
Insulin, vaccines, or medication slow absorption
What are some examples of intra dermal injections?
TB test or allergy testing
What is the site for an intradermal injection?
anterior of forearm
How many degrees do we insert the needle during an intradermal injection?
10 to 15°
What is the needle gauge size for an intro dermal injection?
25 to 27G
What needle length is used for an intro dermal injection?
½ inch
What are the sites for subcutaneous injections for adults and children?
Adults: lateral upper arm or abdomen
Children: anterior thigh
How many degrees do we enter the needle during subcutaneous injections?
45°
What gauge size is used for a subcutaneous injection?
23 to 25G
What needle length is used for a subcutaneous injection?
5/8 inch for adults
What are 2 examples of an intramuscular injection?
- Vaccines
- Medications needing rapid absorption
What are the sites used for an intramuscular injection?
Adults: deltoid
Children: vastus lateralis
How many degrees do we insert the needle for an intramuscular injection?
90°
What is the needle gauge for an intramuscular injection?
21 to 23 G
What needle length is used for an intramuscular injection?
1 inch adult deltoid site
1.5 inch adult dorsal gluteal site
What syringe size is used for intro dermal injections?
1 mL
What syringe size is used for subcutaneous injections?
3 mL
What syringe size is used for intramuscular injections?
3 mL
