study guide Flashcards

Question

Know how hand instrument activation works

Answer 1

Motion activation = the muscle action used to move the working-end of an instrument across a tooth surface During activation the fulcrum finger supports weight of hand to increase stability Fulcrum assists in controlling movement of working-end Fulcrum a fcts as a “brake” to stop movement at end of stroke Wrist rocking motion = rotating motion, turning a door knob, used for calculus removal Digital motion activation = push - pull, ultrasonic when physical strength not required

Answer 2

Instrument Function = determined by the design of its working-end Handle Recommended = lightweight handle, large diameter, tapered handle, raised texturing Shank = of most periodontal instrument are bent in one or more places to facilitate placement of the working-end against the tooth surface Simple shank = appear straight (anterior) Complex shank = angled or curved (posterior - able to reach up and over a tooth) Rigid shank = removes heavy deposits Flexible shank = removes small to medium deposits Functional shank = portion of shank that allows the working-end to be adapted to the tooth surface Begins below the working-end and extends to the last bend in the shank nearest the handle Lower/terminal shank = portion of functional shank that is nearest to the working-end Portion of the ______ nearest to the working end Working end = parts that goes on tooth Face, back, lateral surface, cutting edge Probe

Answer 3

Unpaired Used to measure Periodontal probe = marked in millimeter increments

Answer 4

An easement instrument with a flexible wire-like working-end Used to detect sub gingival calculus deposits and anatomic features, tooth irregularities, and defective restoration margins, assess dental restorations and sealants circular in cross section Can go sub and supra Tip bent at 90 degree angle to lower shank, long, complex shank design (makes it easy to reach root surfaces of anterior and posterior teeth)

Answer 5

Used to remove calculus deposits sub & supra Semi-circular in cross section, rounded toe, rounded back

Answer 6

Used to remove supra gingival calculus deposits Triangular in cross section, pointed tip, pointed back

Answer 7

Detect furcation Used to determine the extent of horizontal attachment loss in furcations

Answer 8

Supra gingival (anterior) = simple shank with short functional shank length Sickle Scaler: H6/H7, montana jack Supra gingival (posterior) = complex shank with short functional shank length Sickle Scaler: 204s or Nevi4, montana jack Sub gingival (anterior) = simple shank with long functional shank length Universal Curettes: Barnhart or McCall Barnhart is better anteriorly Sub gingival (posterior) = complex shank with long functional shank length Universal Curette Supra gingival working end = triangular cross section Sickle Scaler Supra gingival and subgingival working end = semicircular cross section Curretes Pocket measurement: Probe (ruler) Caries detection = explorer tip dips into a rough depression “skating into a pot hole” Illumination to detect caries Good lighting, clean tooth surface, three-way syringe wet/dry, sharp eyes, blunt explorer, bitewings radiographs, laser fluorescence, and electrical caries measurements

Answer 9

The use of scientific evidence, personal experience, clinical circumstances, and patient preference to make an evidence-based decision

Answer 10

Alveolar Mucosa Mucogingival Junction Attached Gingiva Marginal Gingiva Interdental Papilla Soft palate Uvula Maxillary vestibule Parotid papilla Buccal mucosa Labial mucosa

Answer 11

Enamel dysplasia: Trauma,systemic factors, infection, xs fluoride,or nutritional deficiencies that affect amelogenesis Fluorosis: results in white or brown spots.. Caused by overexposure to fluoride to developing teeth Enamel hypoplasia: enamel defect by thin or absent enamel Enamel pearl- enamel in the root (can be mistaken for calculus if no xrays available)

Answer 12

Extrinsic (surface of the tooth) - can usually be removed with coronal polishing or scaling - ex. That cause this -Coffee, wine, tobacco, Intrinsic (inside the tooth) - cannot be removed by scaling or polishing - ex. That cause this - Dental fluorosis and tetracycline stain Exogenous - coffee, tobacco Endogenous - fluoride, enamel dysplasia Endogenous is always intrinsic stain - discoloration that forms when the tooth is developing Exogenous can be both extrinsic and intrinsic stains - discoloration occurs after the tooth develops.

Answer 13

(Calcium and phosphates ion derived from saliva- forms all 3) Hydroxyapatite, Brushites, Whitlockite

Answer 14

theory-based model:behavior change is a process not an event Precontemplation- patient not intending to take action into future Contemplation - patient intends to change in the next 6 months Preparation- patient intends to take action in the immediate future Action- patient made modifications in lifestyle in the last 6 months Maintenance - working to prevent relapse Termination - have no temptation and is 100% self-sufficient

Answer 15

SICKLE SCALERS: face-to-tooth surface angulation is an angle between 45 and 90 degrees; ideal is 70-80 degrees CURETS: face-to-tooth surface angulation is an angle between 40 and 90 degrees; ideal is 60 and 80 degrees; SE states 70-80

Answer 16

Turn it on and it will tell you what to do. Patient must not be in water-but can be wet` Pads should be applied on skin (will not work through clothes)

Answer 17

Class I = concavity can be felt with probe - probe tip cannot enter the furcation area Class II = probe tip can partially enter the furcation - extends about ⅓ of the tooth - NOT able to pass completely through Class III = mandibular molars probe passes completely through the furcation - maxillary molars probe touches the palatal lingual root Class IV = sams as class III except that the furcation is visible clinically due to tissue recession Know how to calculate clinical attachment loss (CAL) Measurement of clinical attachment level Gingival margin receding = gingival margin added to probing depth Margin above CEJ = subtract gingival margin from probing depth

Answer 18

enamel: pH 5.5 – cementum: pH 6.5 The pH of the tooth surface remains below the critical pH of 5.5 for 20 to 50 minutes following a single exposure to sucrose. Moreover, it is very important to know that repeated intakes of sweet snacks in between meals can result in an almost continuous attack on the tooth surface. Additional information: pH is the symbol of HYDROGEN IONS CONCENTRATION expressed in numbers corresponding to the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The range is from 0 (PURE ACID) TO 14 (PURE BASE). Therefore, the lower the number the more acidic it is, and for our oral cavity, the more destructive it is.

Answer 19

Scaler: Supragingival Pointed tip and back Triangular in cross section Four cutting edges Face is perpendicular to lower shank 45-90 degree angulation Sweet spot 70-80 degree angulation Curette: Supra or Subgingival Rounded toe and back Semi-circular cross section 4 cutting edges total Face perpendicular to lower shank Shorter shank= use 1-3mm pockets Longer shank= Deeper pockets

Answer 20

Refers to occlusion. Based off positioning of Max first molar, if missing use canine Class 1: Normal Occlusion Class 2: Distocclusion Division 1: (overjet) an example of a malocclusion where the upper teeth significantly protrude forward, resulting in a large overjet, while the molars are positioned in a Class 2 relationship Division 2: mandible is retruded and one or more max incisors are retruded y Class 3: Mesioclusion underbite

Answer 21

Overbite-refers to a vertical misalignment of teeth -upper teeth overlap your lower teeth more than normal Overjet - extent of horizontal overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors -”buck teeth” Underbite- lower front teeth protrude beyond your upper front teeth Crossbite - occurs when your top teeth and bottom teeth do not come together properly Open bite - top and bottom teeth do not come together or bite in the correct position Diastema - upper front teeth have a big space between them Spacing - big spaces between teeth caused by missing teeth Overcrowding - caused by lack of space between teeth- common on mandibular central incisors

Answer 22

Microdontia - all abnormally small teeth Partial microdontia - some small teeth - Peg lateral, hutchinson incisors Anodontia - no teeth Partial anodontia - missing some teeth - congenitally missing teeth Macrodontia - abnormally large teeth Hyperdontia - having more teeth than normal number (supernumerary teeth) mesiodens Talon cusp = tubercles

Answer 23

Rampant : if the development of overt lesions is rapid or extensive (on more than one tooth). After excessive and frequent intake of sucrose and/or presence of xerostomia (dry mouth) Early childhood = is observed in children under the age of 5 and characterized by early onset and rapid progression of the disease Chronic = describes a slow progressive decay process that requires intervention Firm, brown, black Arrested = exhibits re-calcified lesions resulting from remineralization that occurs when the caries process halts Light or brown color and firm glasslike surface * note dental caries is not a continuous demineralization Recurrent = new caries that occurs under or around a restoration or its margins Difficult to detect, can be beneath restoration

Answer 24

Transillumination, explorer, bitewings radiographs, visual detection, laser fluorescence and electrical caries measurements

Answer 25

Attrition = tooth to tooth wear of the dentition is pathologic in nature and may be caused by bruxism, grinding, or clenching Abrasion = pathologic tooth wear may be caused by a foreign substance, commonly seen as a result of traumatic toothbrushing Erosion= loss of tooth surface may occur as a result of chemical agents from acid reflux disease, excessive vomiting with morning sickness, anorexia, and bulimia May result also from habits such as sucking on lemons and holding mouth fresheners, cough drops, or candies in the mucobuccal fold Abfraction= caused by biomechanical forces on teeth that result in tooth flexure and a wedge or V shaped loss of tooth structure at the CEJ, on cervical thirds Fracture = may range from small chips of the enamel to breaks that penetrate deeply into the tooth

Answer 26

Wash Report document

Answer 27

Infectious agent: Pathogen must have enough numbers to cause infection Has to be enough of the pathogen in droplet or aerosol Reservoir: a place for the pathogen to reside and multiply Portal of exit: a way for the pathogen to leave its reservoir and reach the new host Mode of transmission: Portal of entry: a proper portal of entry into a new host Susceptible host: a person who is not immune to the pathogen (when we are vaccinated, the chain of infection is disrupted= no infection can occur *They all need to happen to become infected

Answer 28

Midmark - Steam, automatic, holds larger capacity than Lisa Lisa - Steam, automatic, Statim - quick heating and cooling, closed drying

Answer 29

Spread from one person to another through the air - cough, sneeze, laugh, sings, speaks Aerosols Disease of the lungs or throat

Answer 30

a common skin condition that causes inflammation in one or both corners of the mouth(cracking, scaling,swelling, redness, crusted, eroded, fissures at commissures of the lips) Is a mixed bacterial and fungal infection typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans The condition results from small amounts of saliva accumulating at the commissural angles, which promotes the colonization of yeast