Study Guide Flashcards
What is the correct order for donning PPE?
wash hands, Gown, mask or respirator, goggles or face shield, gloves.
What are isolation precautions?
Measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases by separating infected patients from others.
Define dyspnea.
Difficulty or labored breathing.
What does COAST stand for in goal setting?
Client, Occupation, Assist level, Specific conditions, Timeline.
What does SOAP in SOAP notes stand for?
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
What are normal vital signs for adults?
Blood pressure
Heart rate
Respiratory Rate
& Temperature
Blood pressure: <120/80 mmHg, Heart rate: 60-100 bpm, Respiratory rate: 12-20 breaths per minute, Temperature: 98.6°F (37°C).
What are the symptoms of DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)?
Swelling, pain, redness, warmth in the affected leg.
How should you respond to suspected DVT?
Seek immediate medical attention, avoid massaging the area, keep the leg elevated.
What are the 4 stages of decubitus ulcers?
Stage 1: Redness, Stage 2: Blister or open sore, Stage 3: Deep wound, Stage 4: Large-scale tissue loss.
OT interventions for decubitus ulcers?
Pressure relief, positioning, wound care education, use of support surfaces.
What is a safe position orthosis?
A device that maintains a joint in a safe and functional position to prevent contractures.
Define low load prolonged stretch.
A technique that applies a gentle, consistent stretch to tissues over a prolonged period to increase flexibility.
Purpose of a dynamic splinting outrigger at 90-degree angle?
To provide controlled motion while maintaining correct alignment.
What is the purpose of a static orthosis?
To immobilize a joint or body part to allow for healing.
What is a Giv Mohr sling used for?
To support and align the shoulder and arm post-stroke or injury.
Common complications of elbow fractures?
Stiffness, malunion, nerve damage, arthritis.
OT interventions for elbow fractures?
Splinting, range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises, pain management.
What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow.
Evaluation methods for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Tinel’s sign, elbow flexion test, nerve conduction studies.
Interventions for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Activity modification, splinting, nerve gliding exercises, surgery if severe.
What is a Colles’ fracture?
A fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement.
Complications of Colles’ fracture?
Stiffness, nerve injury, tendon rupture, arthritis.
Interventions for Colles’ fracture?
Casting, splinting, range of motion exercises, strengthening exercises.
How is ROM (Range of Motion) documented?
By measuring the degrees of movement in a joint using a goniometer.
What is the Biomechanical Frame of Reference?
A theoretical approach focusing on the mechanics of movement and the body’s musculoskeletal system.
OT interventions for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
Joint protection techniques, energy conservation, adaptive equipment, pain management.
OT interventions for Osteoarthritis (OA)?
Strengthening exercises, joint protection, pain management, use of orthotics.
Common deformities in RA?
Swan neck, boutonniere, ulnar drift.
Treatment for shoulder impingement?
Rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, stretching and strengthening exercises.
Interventions for rotator cuff tears?
Physical therapy, strengthening exercises, activity modification, possible surgery.
Precautions for Total Hip Replacement (THR)?
Avoid hip flexion beyond 90 degrees, no crossing legs, no internal rotation of the hip.
ADLs and transfers for THR patients?
Use of assistive devices, adaptive techniques for dressing, bathing, and mobility.
What is pursed lip breathing?
A technique to slow down breathing and improve air exchange by inhaling through the nose and exhaling slowly through pursed lips.
What are energy conservation techniques?
Pacing activities, taking rest breaks, using assistive devices, planning ahead.
Signs of Stage 1 decubitus ulcer?
Non-blanchable redness on intact skin.
Signs of Stage 2 decubitus ulcer?
Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis.
Signs of Stage 3 decubitus ulcer?
Full-thickness skin loss, possibly extending into subcutaneous tissue.
Signs of Stage 4 decubitus ulcer?
Full-thickness skin and tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle.
Purpose of a low load prolonged stretch in OT?
To improve flexibility and reduce contractures in patients with joint stiffness.
When is dynamic splinting indicated?
For conditions requiring controlled motion to aid in functional recovery.
Benefits of a Giv Mohr sling for patients?
Provides support and reduces subluxation in the shoulder after stroke or injury.
Initial intervention for elbow fracture?
Immobilization and pain management.
Rehabilitation focus for elbow fractures?
Restoring range of motion and strength, preventing stiffness.
What is a common symptom of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Numbness and tingling on 4th & 5th digits (ulnar side).
Importance of splinting in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
To reduce compression of the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion.
What is a common treatment goal for Colles’ fracture?
To restore wrist function and strength.
ROM documentation should include which key elements?
Joint, direction of movement, degrees of motion, and any pain or restrictions.
Core principle of the Biomechanical Frame of Reference?
Enhancing occupational performance through improving physical function.
Key intervention for RA deformities?
Use of splints to prevent further deformity and reduce pain.
Main focus of OT intervention for shoulder conditions?
Pain management, improving range of motion, and strengthening shoulder muscles.
What is the first step in donning PPE?
Perform hand hygiene.
How do you assess for dyspnea during an OT evaluation?
Ask the patient to rate their breathlessness on a scale of 0 to 10.
What does the ‘S’ in a SOAP note represent?
Subjective information provided by the patient.
What does the ‘O’ in a SOAP note represent?
Objective data observed or measured by the therapist.
What is a key symptom of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
Unilateral leg swelling.
What is the normal range for adult heart rate?
60-100 beats per minute.
How would you respond to a patient showing signs of DVT?
Alert medical staff immediately and avoid moving the affected limb.
Describe a Stage 2 pressure ulcer.
Partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis.
What is an OT intervention for Stage 1 pressure ulcers?
Frequent repositioning and use of pressure-relieving devices.
What is the purpose of a low load prolonged stretch?
To gradually lengthen shortened soft tissues.
Why is a 90-degree angle important in dynamic splinting outrigger?
It provides optimal force distribution for joint movement.
What is a Giv Mohr sling used for?
To support and protect the shoulder and arm in hemiplegic patients.
What is a potential complication of elbow fractures?
Nerve injury, particularly to the ulnar nerve.
What is a key intervention for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Night splinting to keep the elbow in extension.
What is a common cause of Colles’ fracture?
A fall on an outstretched hand.
How should range of motion (ROM) be documented?
In degrees, noting any pain or limitations.
What is the focus of the Biomechanical Frame of Reference?
Improving movement, strength, and endurance to enhance occupational performance.
What is an effective OT intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
Joint protection techniques and energy conservation strategies.
What is a common deformity in rheumatoid arthritis?
Swan neck deformity.
What is the primary precaution after a total hip replacement (THR)?
Avoid hip flexion beyond 90 degrees.
What is a benefit of pursed lip breathing?
It helps to control breathing and reduce shortness of breath.
What should be included in an energy conservation technique plan?
Prioritizing tasks and taking frequent breaks.
What is the role of a static orthosis?
To immobilize a joint or body part to allow for healing.
Describe the symptoms of Stage 3 pressure ulcers.
Full-thickness skin loss, possibly exposing fat tissue.
What is an important OT intervention for osteoarthritis (OA)?
Use of adaptive equipment to reduce joint stress during activities.
What is the typical presentation of a Colles’ fracture?
Dorsal displacement of the distal radius.
How is dyspnea quantified during an assessment?
Using a scale or asking the patient to describe their level of breathlessness.
What are the components of a COAST goal?
Client, Occupation, Assist level, Specific condition, Timeline.
What should be monitored during an intervention for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Signs of increased nerve compression or worsening symptoms.
What is an indication for using a low load prolonged stretch?
To address contractures and improve joint range of motion.
What is the primary goal of conservative treatment for RTC conditions?
To alleviate pain and improve function through activity modification and home exercise programs.
Name two activity modifications for RTC conditions.
Avoid overhead reaching and lifting heavy objects.
List two types of exercises included in a home exercise program for RTC conditions.
Strengthening exercises for rotator cuff muscles and scapular stabilizers, and stretching exercises for shoulder flexibility.
What are two pain management techniques for conservative RTC treatment?
Ice and heat application.
What is the focus during Phase 1 of post-operative RTC treatment?
Gentle passive range of motion (PROM) exercises to prevent stiffness and pain management.
What is introduced during Phase 2 of post-operative RTC treatment?
Active-assisted range of motion (AAROM) and submaximal isometrics.
What exercises are emphasized during Phase 3 of post-operative RTC treatment?
Active range of motion (AROM) and progressive resistance exercises.
What are the three primary THR (Total Hip Replacement) precautions?
Avoid hip flexion > 90 degrees, hip adduction, and hip internal rotation.
What does BLT stand for in spinal precautions?
Bending, Lifting, Twisting.
Name one common assessment for lateral epicondylitis.
Pain at the lateral epicondyle with gripping or wrist extension.
aka Tennis Elbow
What is a key intervention for lateral epicondylitis?
Wrist extension splint to reduce strain.
What therapeutic exercises are recommended for lateral epicondylitis?
Stretching and strengthening exercises for the extensor muscles.
What is a positive Tinel’s sign indicative of?
Cubital tunnel syndrome.
What activity modification is recommended for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Avoid prolonged elbow flexion
What type of splint is used for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Elbow extension splint at night.
What are nerve gliding exercises used for?
To manage cubital tunnel syndrome.
What is a common initial treatment for elbow fractures?
Immobilization through splinting or casting.
What is the focus of therapeutic exercises post-immobilization for elbow fractures?
Gradual range of motion (ROM) exercises followed by strengthening.
What does heterotopic ossification (HO) involve?
Pain and stiffness due to abnormal bone growth in soft tissue.
What complication should be monitored for in elbow fractures?
Heterotopic ossification (HO).
What is the role of occupational therapists in managing RTC conditions?
Providing education, activity modification, splinting, therapeutic exercises, and pain management.
What is the key focus in evaluating clients with RTC conditions?
Assessing range of motion, strength, and functional impact on daily activities.
How do OTs assist clients post-THR surgery?
Educating on precautions, modifying activities, and recommending adaptive equipment.
What ergonomic adjustments can OTs suggest for cubital tunnel syndrome?
Modifying workstations to reduce strain on the elbow.
Why are progressive resistance exercises important in post-operative RTC treatment?
To restore strength and function to the shoulder.
What is the main precaution for clients with spinal conditions?
Avoiding activities that involve bending, lifting, or twisting the spine.
How can OTs help clients with lateral epicondylitis in their daily activities?
By recommending activity modifications to avoid repetitive wrist extension and gripping.
What type of education might OTs provide to clients with elbow fractures?
Education on proper techniques for using splints and safe exercise progression.
What is a common intervention for managing pain in RTC conditions?
Using modalities like ultrasound or TENS.
What role do OTs play in the rehabilitation of elbow conditions?
Assessing and treating pain, improving range of motion, and restoring functional use of the arm.
